Wang Fang, Li Fengzhu, Han Luyang, Wang Jingzi, Ding Xupo, Liu Qinhong, Jiang Mingguo, Li Hailin
Guangxi Key Laboratory of Polysaccharide Materials and Modification, School of Marine Sciences and Biotechnology, Guangxi Minzu University, Nanning 530008, China.
Department of Vegetables, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
J Fungi (Basel). 2024 Nov 5;10(11):767. doi: 10.3390/jof10110767.
In recent years, the increasing global demand for mushrooms has made the enhancement of mushroom yield a focal point of research. Currently, the primary methods for developing high-yield mushroom varieties include mutation- and hybridization-based breeding. However, due to the long breeding cycles and low predictability associated with these approaches, they no longer meet the demands for high-yield and high-quality varieties in the expansive mushroom market. Modern molecular biology technologies such as RNA interference (RNAi) and gene editing, including via CRISPR-Cas9, can be used to precisely modify target genes, providing a new solution for mushroom breeding. The high-yield genes of mushrooms can be divided into four categories based on existing research results: the genes controlling mycelial growth are very suitable for genetic modification; the genes controlling primordium formation are directly or indirectly regulated by the genes controlling mycelial growth; the genes controlling button germination are more difficult to modify; and the genes controlling fruiting body development can be regulated during the mycelial stage. This article reviews the current research status for the four major categories of high-yield-related genes across the different stages of mushroom growth stages, providing a foundation and scientific basis for using molecular biology to improve mushroom yield and promote the economic development of the global edible-mushroom industry.
近年来，全球对蘑菇的需求不断增加，提高蘑菇产量已成为研究的重点。目前，培育高产蘑菇品种的主要方法包括基于突变和杂交的育种。然而，由于这些方法育种周期长且可预测性低，已无法满足广阔蘑菇市场对高产、优质品种的需求。现代分子生物学技术，如RNA干扰（RNAi）和基因编辑（包括通过CRISPR-Cas9），可用于精确修饰目标基因，为蘑菇育种提供了新的解决方案。根据现有研究结果，蘑菇的高产基因可分为四类：控制菌丝体生长的基因非常适合进行基因改造；控制原基形成的基因直接或间接受控制菌丝体生长的基因调控；控制菌蕾萌发的基因更难改造；控制子实体发育的基因可在菌丝体阶段进行调控。本文综述了蘑菇生长不同阶段四类主要高产相关基因的研究现状，为利用分子生物学提高蘑菇产量、促进全球食用菌产业经济发展提供了基础和科学依据。
