Henderson Frederick J, Shimokochi Yohei
Department of Sports Sciences, Japan Institute of Sports Sciences, Tokyo, Japan; and.
Department of Health and Sport Management, Osaka University of Health and Sport Sciences, Kumatori, Japan.
J Strength Cond Res. 2025 Feb 1;39(2):156-164. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000004983. Epub 2024 Nov 26.
Henderson, FJ and Shimokochi, Y. Inertial one-leg squat training and drop jump biomechanics in athletes with anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction after return to sport. J Strength Cond Res 39(2): 156-164, 2025-Athletes with anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) display altered jumping mechanics persisting long after returning to sport (RTS). We investigated the effects of flywheel rear leg elevated (Bulgarian) split squat (RLESS) training on single-leg drop jump (SLDJ) biomechanics in athletes with ACLR after RTS. Eleven competitive athletes with unilateral ACLR (546 ± 270 days postsurgery) performed 16 sessions of 1 set of deep knee flexion RLESS until failure in the reconstructed leg (REC) using a flywheel. Using motion capture and force plates, jump height and leg joint contribution were calculated during a 30-cm SLDJ, alongside peak vertical ground reaction force (vGRF), lower extremity joint peak angle, displacement, work, peak internal moment, and peak power. After training, the jump height increased in REC ( p < 0.05) but not the intact leg (INT), although the jump height in REC remained lower than that in INT. Reconstructed leg knee contribution increased, whereas REC hip contribution decreased, so no bilateral difference remained after training. Although jump height remained unchanged in INT, several kinematic and kinetic variables changed significantly. Vertical ground reaction force showed no significant difference while asymmetry in internal knee varus moment disappeared, suggesting that some risk factors of ACL injury were reduced. Therefore, athletes with ACLR show persistent deficits in jumping performance, but adding 8 weeks of flywheel RLESS in REC can safely improve performance and restore normal joint contribution. Besides, coaches should be aware of possible changes in jumping mechanics in INT despite unchanged jumping performance when monitoring athletes with ACLR.
亨德森，FJ和下古知，Y。前交叉韧带重建运动员恢复运动后惯性单腿深蹲训练和跳深生物力学。《力量与体能研究杂志》39(2): 156 - 164，2025年——前交叉韧带重建（ACLR）的运动员在恢复运动（RTS）后很长时间内跳跃力学仍会发生改变。我们研究了飞轮后腿部抬高（保加利亚式）分腿深蹲（RLESS）训练对ACLR运动员RTS后单腿跳深（SLDJ）生物力学的影响。11名单侧ACLR的竞技运动员（术后546±270天）使用飞轮对重建腿（REC）进行16组，每组进行1次深屈膝RLESS训练，直至力竭。使用动作捕捉和测力板，在30厘米的SLDJ过程中计算跳跃高度和腿部关节贡献，同时测量垂直地面反作用力（vGRF）峰值、下肢关节峰值角度、位移、功、峰值内力矩和峰值功率。训练后，REC的跳跃高度增加（p < 0.05），但健侧腿（INT）没有增加，尽管REC的跳跃高度仍低于INT。重建腿的膝关节贡献增加，而REC的髋关节贡献减少，因此训练后双侧差异不再存在。虽然INT的跳跃高度保持不变，但一些运动学和动力学变量发生了显著变化。垂直地面反作用力没有显著差异，而膝关节内翻力矩的不对称性消失，这表明前交叉韧带损伤的一些风险因素降低了。因此，ACLR的运动员在跳跃表现上存在持续缺陷，但在REC中增加8周的飞轮RLESS训练可以安全地提高表现并恢复正常的关节贡献。此外，在监测ACLR的运动员时，教练应注意到尽管跳跃表现不变，但INT的跳跃力学可能会发生变化。
