Iatrogenic ureteral injury.

We treated 27 patients with iatrogenic ureteral injuries during a 6-year period. Gynecological operations were the most common antecedent surgical procedures (52 per cent). The diagnosis of ureteral injury was made immediately in 4 patients and was delayed 1 to 34 days in 23. Three of the 4 injuries recognized during an operation were repaired successfully at the time of injury; the primary repair in the remaining patient leaked and ultimately resulted in a nephrectomy. In the delayed diagnosis group retrograde ureteral catheterization was successful in only 1 of 20 attempts. Of the 23 patients with injuries recognized in the postoperative period 11 were managed successfully with percutaneous nephrostomy (with or without stenting) alone, 3 required surgical repair after temporary percutaneous nephrostomy drainage, 4 were treated surgically without prior nephrostomy drainage and 1 had spontaneous resolution of hydronephrosis. The remaining 3 patients required nephrectomy: 1 because of a urinary fistula in a previously irradiated field, 1 because of a concomitant (ipsilateral) renal cell carcinoma and 1 because of renal hypertension. Percutaneous nephrostomy or ureteral stenting was successful as primary therapy in 73 per cent of the patients in whom it was used.