Jawli Adel, Nabi Ghulam, Huang Zhihong
Division of Imaging Sciences and Technology, School of Medicine, Ninewells Hospital, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 9SY, UK.
Department of Clinical Radiology, Sheikh Jaber Al-Ahmad Al-Sabah Hospital, Ministry of Health, Sulaibikhat, Kuwait City 13001, Kuwait.
Bioengineering (Basel). 2024 Oct 22;11(11):1052. doi: 10.3390/bioengineering11111052.
Multiparametric ultrasound (mpUS) enhances prostate cancer (PCa) diagnosis by using multiple imaging modalities. Tissue-mimicking materials (TMM) phantoms, favoured over animal models for ethical and consistency reasons, were created using polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) with varying molecular weights (Mw).
Four PVA samples, varying in Mw with constant concertation, were mixed with glycerol, silicon carbide (SiC), and aluminium oxide (AlO). Phantoms with varying depth and inclusion sizes were created and tested using shear-wave elastography (SWE). An mpUS phantom was developed to mimic prostate tissue, including isoechoic and hypoechoic inclusions and vessels. The phantom was scanned using supersonic ultrasound, strain elastography, and Doppler ultrasound. Validation was performed using radical prostatectomy data and shear-wave elastography.
The acoustic properties varied with enhancers like glycerol and AlO. Low Mw PVA samples had a speed of sound ranging from 1547.50 ± 2 to 1553.70 ± 2.2 m/s and attenuation of 0.61 ± 0.062 to 0.63 ± 0.05 dB/cm/MHz. High Mw PVA samples ranged from 1555 ± 2.82 to 1566 ± 4.5 m/s and 0.71 ± 0.02 to 0.73 ± 0.046 dB/cm/MHz. Young's modulus ranged from 11 ± 2 to 82.3 ± 0.5 kPa across 1 to 10 freeze-thaw cycles. Inclusion size, depth, and interaction statistically affect the SWE measurements with -value = 0.056327, -value = 8.0039 × 10, and -value = 0.057089, respectively. SWE showed isoechoic inclusions, prostate tissue, and surrounding tissue only. The Doppler velocity was measured in three different inner diameters.
PVA mixed with enhancer materials creates an mpUS phantom with properties that mimic normal and abnormal prostate tissue, blood vessels, and soft tissue, facilitating advanced diagnostic training and validation.
多参数超声（mpUS）通过使用多种成像方式增强前列腺癌（PCa）的诊断。出于伦理和一致性原因，相较于动物模型，组织模拟材料（TMM）体模采用不同分子量（Mw）的聚乙烯醇（PVA）制成。
将四种Mw不同但浓度恒定的PVA样品与甘油、碳化硅（SiC）和氧化铝（AlO）混合。制作了具有不同深度和内含物大小的体模，并使用剪切波弹性成像（SWE）进行测试。开发了一种mpUS体模以模拟前列腺组织，包括等回声和低回声内含物及血管。使用超声、应变弹性成像和多普勒超声对该体模进行扫描。使用前列腺根治术数据和剪切波弹性成像进行验证。
声学特性随甘油和AlO等增强剂而变化。低Mw的PVA样品声速范围为1547.50±2至1553.70±2.2米/秒，衰减为0.61±0.062至0.63±0.05分贝/厘米/兆赫。高Mw的PVA样品范围为1555±2.82至1566±4.5米/秒，0.71±0.02至0.73±0.046分贝/厘米/兆赫。在1至10次冻融循环中，杨氏模量范围为11±2至82.3±0.5千帕。内含物大小、深度和相互作用分别以 -值 = 0.056327、 -值 = 8.0039×10和 -值 = 0.057089在统计学上影响SWE测量。SWE仅显示等回声内含物、前列腺组织和周围组织。在三种不同内径中测量了多普勒速度。
PVA与增强材料混合制成的mpUS体模具有模拟正常和异常前列腺组织、血管及软组织的特性，有助于进行高级诊断培训和验证。
