Sajdakowska Marta, Jeżewska-Zychowicz Marzena, Gębski Jerzy, Kiełb Artur
Department of Food Market and Consumer Research, Institute of Human Nutrition Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW-WULS), 159C Nowoursynowska Street, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland.
The Social Sciences, University of Economics and Human Sciences in Warsaw, Okopowa 59 Street, 01-043 Warsaw, Poland.
Foods. 2024 Nov 13;13(22):3616. doi: 10.3390/foods13223616.
Consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) contributes to the risk of developing overweight and obesity in children and adults. Thus, reducing free sugar is a globally recognized public health priority. The implementation of a sugar tax is one way of achieving this goal. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between familiarity with the sugar tax and its importance in reducing obesity, the perceived health consequences of SSBs, situations and reasons for consumption, and the frequency of SSB consumption. A cross-sectional study was conducted in May 2022 among 216 Polish adults (age 18-45). Hierarchical cluster analysis was used to identify three homogeneous clusters with regard to the perceived health consequences of consuming SSBs. A logistic regression model was used to verify the relationship between the frequency of SSB consumption (dependent variable) and other variables. Respondents with higher familiarity with the sugar tax (OR: 0.594; 95% CI: 0.42-0.85) and those in the "Unaware of disease" (OR: 0.437; 95% CI: 0.18-0.94) and "Disease-conscious" (OR: 0.484; 95% CI: 0.24-0.97) clusters were less likely to consume SSBs at least once per week than those in the "Moderately disease-conscious" cluster. Both the place of SSB consumption (i.e., restaurant-OR: 1.847; 95% CI: 1.14-3.64, work or university-OR: 3.217; 95% CI: 1.51-6.88, family home-OR: 2.877; 95% CI: 1.50-5.53) as well as a preference for their taste (OR: 4.54; 95% CI: 1.66-12.45) increased the chance of consuming SSBs at least once a week. In conclusion, it is necessary to continue educating the public about the health consequences of SSB consumption. The use of legislative measures (i.e., sugar tax) also contributes to reducing SSB consumption and can thus counteract the increasing obesity rate.
饮用含糖饮料（SSB）会增加儿童和成人超重及肥胖的风险。因此，减少游离糖是全球公认的公共卫生重点。实施糖税是实现这一目标的途径之一。本研究旨在调查对糖税的熟悉程度与其在减少肥胖方面的重要性之间的关系、对含糖饮料的健康后果的认知、饮用的场合和原因以及含糖饮料的饮用频率。2022年5月对216名波兰成年人（年龄18 - 45岁）进行了一项横断面研究。采用分层聚类分析，根据对饮用含糖饮料的健康后果的认知确定了三个同质聚类。使用逻辑回归模型验证含糖饮料饮用频率（因变量）与其他变量之间的关系。对糖税熟悉程度较高的受访者（比值比：0.594；95%置信区间：0.42 - 0.85）以及处于“未意识到疾病”聚类（比值比：0.437；95%置信区间：0.18 - 0.94）和“有疾病意识”聚类（比值比：0.484；95%置信区间：0.24 - 0.97）的受访者，与处于“中度有疾病意识”聚类的受访者相比，每周至少饮用一次含糖饮料的可能性更小。含糖饮料的饮用场所（即餐厅——比值比：1.847；95%置信区间：1.14 - 3.64，工作场所或大学——比值比：3.217；95%置信区间：1.51 - 6.88，家庭——比值比：2.877；95%置信区间：1.50 - 5.53）以及对其口味的偏好（比值比：4.54；95%置信区间：1.66 - 12.45）都会增加每周至少饮用一次含糖饮料的几率。总之，有必要继续对公众进行关于饮用含糖饮料的健康后果的教育。采取立法措施（即糖税）也有助于减少含糖饮料的消费，从而可以应对肥胖率不断上升的问题。
