儿童急性肾损伤：分类、识别与治疗原则
Acute Kidney Injury in Children: Classification, Recognition and Treatment Principles.
作者信息
Kopač Matjaž
机构信息
Department of Nephrology, Division of Pediatrics, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Bohoričeva 20, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
出版信息
Children (Basel). 2024 Oct 29;11(11):1308. doi: 10.3390/children11111308.
Acute kidney injury (AKI) in children is a critical medical condition characterized by a sudden decline in kidney function. This article provides a comprehensive overview of AKI in pediatric populations, exploring its pathophysiology, the role of various drugs and the long-term implications for kidney health. Key topics include oliguria, anuria, urine output, hypervolemia and the interactions among them, as well as role of diuretic nephrotoxicity and the glomerular filtration rate. Concepts of electrolytes, acid-base balance and renal perfusion assessment are presented. Basic principles of intensive care unit (ICU) management, renal replacement therapy and the association with multiorgan failure are described. Additionally, the article discusses the potential long-term outcomes of AKI, including the risk of chronic kidney disease, hypertension and proteinuria.
儿童急性肾损伤（AKI）是一种以肾功能突然下降为特征的严重病症。本文全面概述了儿科人群中的AKI，探讨了其病理生理学、各种药物的作用以及对肾脏健康的长期影响。关键主题包括少尿、无尿、尿量、血容量过多及其相互作用，以及利尿剂肾毒性和肾小球滤过率的作用。介绍了电解质、酸碱平衡和肾灌注评估的概念。描述了重症监护病房（ICU）管理、肾脏替代治疗的基本原则以及与多器官功能衰竭的关联。此外，本文还讨论了AKI潜在的长期后果，包括慢性肾脏病、高血压和蛋白尿的风险。
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