Lv Jiahui, Zhao Xinmiao, Zhao Linjie, Gong Chengjun, Zheng Wanjie, Guo Li, Wang Jun, Liang Tingming
State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China.
Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, School of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China.
Biomedicines. 2024 Nov 15;12(11):2611. doi: 10.3390/biomedicines12112611.
Telomere length function serves as a critical biomarker for biological aging and overall health. Its maintenance is linked to cancer, neurodegenerative conditions, and reproductive health. This review mainly examines genetic variations and environmental influences on telomere dynamics, highlighting key regulatory genes and mechanisms. Advances in telomere measurement methodologies are also reviewed, underscoring the importance of precise telomere assessment for disease prevention and treatment. Telomerase activation offers potential for cellular lifespan extension and anti-aging effects, whereas its inhibition emerges as a promising therapeutic approach for cancer. Regulatory mechanisms of tumor suppressor genes on telomerase activity are analyzed, with a comprehensive overview of the current state and future potential of telomerase inhibitors. In addition, the association between telomeres and neurodegenerative diseases is discussed, detailing how telomere attrition heightens disease risk and outlining multiple pathways by which telomerase protects neurons from damage and apoptosis.
端粒长度功能是生物衰老和整体健康的关键生物标志物。其维持与癌症、神经退行性疾病和生殖健康相关。本综述主要研究遗传变异和环境对端粒动态的影响，突出关键调控基因和机制。还综述了端粒测量方法的进展，强调精确端粒评估对疾病预防和治疗的重要性。端粒酶激活为细胞寿命延长和抗衰老作用提供了潜力，而其抑制则成为一种有前景的癌症治疗方法。分析了肿瘤抑制基因对端粒酶活性的调控机制，全面概述了端粒酶抑制剂的现状和未来潜力。此外，还讨论了端粒与神经退行性疾病之间的关联，详细阐述了端粒磨损如何增加疾病风险，并概述了端粒酶保护神经元免受损伤和凋亡的多种途径。
