Gu Yingchao, An Lele, Zhou Yanan, Xue Guoliang, Jiao Yang, Yang Deyu, Liu Shujie, Cui Zhanhong
Qinghai Academy of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China.
Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Forage-Feed of Grazing Yak and Tibetan Sheep in Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, Xining 810016, China.
Animals (Basel). 2024 Nov 19;14(22):3329. doi: 10.3390/ani14223329.
To evaluate the impact of different roughages on the intestinal microbiota of yak calves, we fed them oat hay in substitution of alfalfa hay, in addition to milk replacer and starter powder. Twenty-one 45-day-old male yak calves were selected and randomly assigned to three groups: the milk replacer + starter + alfalfa hay group (AH), the milk replacer + starter + oat hay group (OH), and the milk replacer + starter + mixed hay group (AO), in which the alfalfa hay and oat hay were administered in a 1:1 ratio. All calves in the three groups were fed the same milk replacer and an equivalent amount of dry matter. The formal experiment commenced after a 21-day pre-test period and lasted for 120 days. Following the experiment, the contents of the jejunum and colon were collected to investigate the intestinal microbiota and metabolites using 16S rRNA sequencing and LC-MS metabolomics. The result showed that the AO group had greater final body weights overall than the AH group and OH group ( < 0.05). The AH group and OH group had considerably greater feed-to-gain ratios than the AO group ( < 0.05). At the phylum level, the OH group exhibited an increased relative abundance of and in the jejunum ( < 0.05). The relative abundance of in the colon was increased in the AO group ( < 0.05). At the genus level, the AO group exhibited a decreased abundance of ( < 0.05), and the OH group showed an increased abundance and in the jejunum. There were many differential metabolites in the OH group and AO group compared to the AH group, and the different metabolites of the OH group were associated with the metabolic pathways of the nervous system, sensory system, amino acid metabolism, and lipid metabolism in the jejunum and with lipid metabolism, amino acid metabolism, and the nervous system in the colon. In the AO group, these metabolites were associated with the digestive system and the translation and metabolism of cofactors in the jejunum and with the metabolism of cofactors and vitamins in the colon. In summary, it is feasible to replace alfalfa hay with oat hay based on milk replacer and starter. The combination of the two forages enhanced nutrient absorption, improved immune function, maintained the internal homeostasis of yak calves, and was more beneficial to their growth and development.
为评估不同粗饲料对牦牛犊牛肠道微生物群的影响，除代乳粉和开食料外，我们用燕麦干草替代苜蓿干草饲喂牦牛犊牛。选取21头45日龄雄性牦牛犊牛，随机分为三组：代乳粉+开食料+苜蓿干草组（AH组）、代乳粉+开食料+燕麦干草组（OH组）和代乳粉+开食料+混合干草组（AO组），其中苜蓿干草和燕麦干草按1:1的比例投喂。三组中的所有犊牛均饲喂相同的代乳粉和等量的干物质。在21天的预试验期后开始正式试验，试验持续120天。试验结束后，采集空肠和结肠内容物，采用16S rRNA测序和LC-MS代谢组学技术研究肠道微生物群和代谢产物。结果表明，AO组的总体末体重显著高于AH组和OH组（P<0.05）。AH组和OH组的料重比显著高于AO组（P<0.05）。在门水平上，OH组空肠中放线菌门（Actinobacteria）和厚壁菌门（Firmicutes）的相对丰度增加（P<0.05）。AO组结肠中拟杆菌门（Bacteroidetes）的相对丰度增加（P<0.05）。在属水平上，AO组的瘤胃球菌属（Ruminococcus）丰度降低（P<0.05），OH组空肠中普雷沃氏菌属（Prevotella）和瘤胃球菌属丰度增加。与AH组相比，OH组和AO组有许多差异代谢产物，OH组的不同代谢产物与空肠中的神经系统、感觉系统、氨基酸代谢和脂质代谢以及结肠中的脂质代谢、氨基酸代谢和神经系统的代谢途径有关。在AO组中，这些代谢产物与空肠中的消化系统以及辅因子的翻译和代谢以及结肠中的辅因子和维生素的代谢有关。综上所述，在代乳粉和开食料的基础上用燕麦干草替代苜蓿干草是可行的。两种草料的组合增强了营养吸收，改善了免疫功能，维持了牦牛犊牛的体内稳态，对其生长发育更有益。
