Department of Genetics, Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center of Slovak Academy of Sciences, 845 05 Bratislava, Slovakia.
Department of Zoology and Anthropology, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Informatics, Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra, 949 74 Nitra, Slovakia.
Int J Mol Sci. 2024 Nov 11;25(22):12086. doi: 10.3390/ijms252212086.
The gut microbiome is essential for regulating host metabolism, defending against pathogens, and shaping the host's immune system. Mounting evidence highlights that disruption in gut microbial communities significantly impacts cancer development and treatment. Moreover, tumor-associated microbiota, along with its metabolites and toxins, may contribute to cancer progression by promoting epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, angiogenesis, and metastatic spread to distant organs. Bones, in particular, are common sites for metastasis due to a rich supply of growth and neovascularization factors and extensive blood flow, especially affecting patients with thyroid, prostate, breast, lung, and kidney cancers, where bone metastases severely reduce the quality of life. While the involvement of the gut microbiome in bone metastasis formation is still being explored, proposed mechanisms suggest that intestinal dysbiosis may alter the bone microenvironment via the gut-immune-bone axis, fostering a premetastatic niche and immunosuppressive milieu suitable for cancer cell colonization. Disruption in the delicate balance of bone modeling and remodeling may further create a favorable environment for metastatic growth. This review focuses on the link between beneficial or dysbiotic microbiome composition and bone homeostasis, as well as the role of the microbiome in bone metastasis development. It also provides an overview of clinical trials evaluating the impact of gut microbial community structure on bone parameters across various conditions or health-related issues. Dietary interventions and microbiota modulation via probiotics, prebiotics, and fecal microbiota transplantation help support bone health and might offer promising strategies for addressing bone-related complications in cancer.
肠道微生物群对于调节宿主代谢、抵御病原体和塑造宿主免疫系统至关重要。越来越多的证据表明，肠道微生物群落的紊乱会显著影响癌症的发展和治疗。此外，肿瘤相关的微生物群及其代谢物和毒素，可能通过促进上皮间质转化、血管生成和转移到远处器官，促进癌症的进展。骨骼是转移的常见部位，特别是由于其富含生长和新生血管化因子以及丰富的血流，尤其影响甲状腺、前列腺、乳腺、肺和肾等癌症患者，骨转移严重降低了生活质量。尽管肠道微生物群在骨转移形成中的作用仍在探索中，但提出的机制表明，肠道菌群失调可能通过肠道-免疫-骨骼轴改变骨骼微环境，促进有利于癌症细胞定植的前转移龛和免疫抑制环境。骨重塑和再塑造平衡的破坏可能进一步为转移生长创造有利环境。这篇综述重点关注有益或失调的微生物群组成与骨骼稳态之间的联系，以及微生物群在骨转移发展中的作用。它还概述了评估肠道微生物群落结构对各种条件或与健康相关问题下的骨骼参数影响的临床试验。饮食干预和通过益生菌、益生元和粪便微生物移植进行微生物群调节有助于支持骨骼健康，并为解决癌症相关的骨骼并发症提供有前途的策略。
