School of Kinesiology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA.
Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, George E. Whalen VA Medical Center, Salt Lake City, UT 84148, USA.
Int J Mol Sci. 2024 Nov 14;25(22):12216. doi: 10.3390/ijms252212216.
We examined changes in skeletal muscle protein lactylation and acetylation in response to acute resistance exercise, chronic resistance training (RT), and a single endurance cycling bout. Additionally, we performed in vitro experiments to determine if different sodium lactate treatments affect myotube protein lactylation and acetylation. The acute and chronic RT study (12 college-aged participants) consisted of 10 weeks of unilateral leg extensor RT with vastus lateralis (VL) biopsies taken at baseline, 24 h following the first RT bout, and the morning of the last day of the RT bout. For the acute cycling study (9 college-aged participants), VL biopsies were obtained before, 2 h after, and 8 h after 60 min of cycling. For in vitro experiments, C2C12 myotubes were treated with varying levels of sodium lactate, including LOW (1 mM for 24 h), HIGH (10 mM for 24 h), and PULSE (10 mM for 30 min followed by 1 mM for 23.5-h). Neither acute nor chronic RT significantly affected nuclear or cytoplasmic protein lactylation. However, cytoplasmic protein acetylation was significantly reduced following one RT bout (-15%, = 0.002) and chronic RT (-16%, = 0.006). Cycling did not acutely alter post-exercise global protein lactylation or acetylation patterns. Lastly, varying 24 h lactate treatments did not alter nuclear or cytoplasmic protein lactylation or acetylation, cytoplasmic protein synthesis levels, or myotube diameters. These findings continue to support the idea that exercise induces more dynamic changes in skeletal muscle protein acetylation, but not lactylation. However, further human research with more sampling timepoints and a lactylomics approach are needed to determine if, at all, different exercise modalities affect skeletal muscle protein lactylation.
我们研究了急性抗阻运动、慢性抗阻训练（RT）和单次耐力自行车运动对骨骼肌蛋白乳酰化和乙酰化的变化。此外，我们进行了体外实验，以确定不同的乳酸钠处理是否会影响肌管蛋白的乳酰化和乙酰化。急性和慢性 RT 研究（12 名大学生）包括 10 周的单侧腿伸肌 RT，在基线、第 1 次 RT 后 24 小时和 RT 结束当天的早晨采集股外侧肌（VL）活检。对于急性自行车运动研究（9 名大学生），在运动前、运动后 2 小时和运动后 8 小时采集 VL 活检。对于体外实验，用不同浓度的乳酸钠处理 C2C12 肌管，包括 LOW（1 mM，24 h）、HIGH（10 mM，24 h）和 PULSE（10 mM，30 min 后 1 mM，23.5 h）。急性和慢性 RT 均未显著影响核或细胞质蛋白乳酰化。然而，单次 RT 运动后细胞质蛋白乙酰化显著降低（-15%， = 0.002），慢性 RT 后也显著降低（-16%， = 0.006）。自行车运动没有急性改变运动后整体蛋白乳酰化或乙酰化模式。最后，不同的 24 h 乳酸处理没有改变核或细胞质蛋白乳酰化或乙酰化、细胞质蛋白合成水平或肌管直径。这些发现继续支持运动诱导骨骼肌蛋白乙酰化发生更动态变化的观点，但不是乳酰化。然而，需要更多的采样时间点和乳酰组学方法的人类研究来确定不同的运动方式是否会影响骨骼肌蛋白乳酰化。
