ARTP/NTG Compound Mutagenesis Improved the Spinosad Production and the Insecticidal Virulence of .

Spinosad is an efficient and broad-spectrum environmentally friendly biopesticide, but its low yield in wild-type limits its further application. ARTP/NTG compound mutagenesis was used in this study to improve the spinosad titer of and obtain a high-yield mutant-NT24. Compared with the wild-type strain, the fermentation cycle of NT24 was shortened by 2 days and its maximum titer of spinosad reached 858.3 ± 27.7 mg/L, which is 5.12 times more than for the same-period titer of the wild-type strain. In addition, RT-qPCR, resequencing, and targeted metabolomics showed that the upregulation of the key differential genes , , , , and caused increased metabolic flux in the tricarboxylic acid cycle and pentose phosphate pathway, suggesting that the accumulation of pyruvate and short-chain acyl-CoA was the primary cause of spinosad accumulation in NT24. This study demonstrates the effectiveness of ARTP mutagenesis in , and provides new insights for the mechanism of spinosad biosynthesis and metabolic engineering in .