Hainan Institute, Zhejiang University, Sanya 572025, China.
Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
Genes (Basel). 2024 Oct 24;15(11):1367. doi: 10.3390/genes15111367.
In flowering plants, fertilization is a complex process governed by precise communication between the male and female gametophytes. This review focuses on the roles of various female gametophyte cells-synergid, central, and egg cells-in facilitating pollen tube guidance and ensuring successful fertilization. Synergid cells play a crucial role in attracting the pollen tube, while the central cell influences the direction of pollen tube growth, and the egg cell is responsible for preventing polyspermy, ensuring correct fertilization. The review also examines the role of the pollen tube in this communication, highlighting the mechanisms involved in its growth regulation, including the importance of pollen tube receptors, signal transduction pathways, cell wall dynamics, and ion homeostasis. The Ca concentration gradient is identified as a key factor in guiding pollen tube growth toward the ovule. Moreover, the review briefly compares these communication processes in angiosperms with those in non-flowering plants, such as mosses, ferns, and early gymnosperms, providing evolutionary insights into gametophytic signaling. Overall, this review synthesizes the current understanding of male-female gametophyte interactions and outlines future directions for research in plant reproductive biology.
在开花植物中，受精是一个由雌雄配子体之间精确通信控制的复杂过程。本综述重点关注各种雌配子体细胞——助细胞、中央细胞和卵细胞——在引导花粉管和确保受精成功方面的作用。助细胞在吸引花粉管方面起着至关重要的作用，而中央细胞影响花粉管生长的方向，卵细胞则负责防止多精入卵，确保正确受精。该综述还考察了花粉管在这种通信中的作用，强调了其生长调节中涉及的机制，包括花粉管受体、信号转导途径、细胞壁动态和离子动态平衡的重要性。钙离子浓度梯度被确定为引导花粉管向胚珠生长的关键因素。此外，该综述还简要比较了有花植物和非开花植物（如苔藓、蕨类植物和早期裸子植物）中的这些通信过程，为配子体信号提供了进化见解。总的来说，该综述综合了当前对雌雄配子体相互作用的理解，并概述了植物生殖生物学研究的未来方向。
