Genome-Wide Identification and Characterization of Genes in Eight Species and Their Expression Patterns Under Cold Stress in var. .

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Teosinte branched1/Cycloidea/Proliferating cell nuclear antigen factors (TCPs) are plant-specific transcription factors involved in leaf development, flowering, branching, hormone signaling, and stress responses. Prunus a key temperate fruit tree with ornamental spring blooms, still lacks comprehensive TCP gene studies across many species.

METHODS

We identified 154 TCP genes in eight Prunus species: 19 in var. , 19 in . , 17 in . 'Rojo Pasion', 19 in . , 20 in . var. , 19 in . , 19 in . var. , and 22 in . × 'Somei-yoshino'. These genes were classified into PCF, CIN, and CYC/TB1 groups. We examined segmental duplication, conserved motifs, and cis-acting elements. Expression patterns of 12 TCPs in . var. were tested under low-temperature stress (25 °C, 5 °C, -5 °C, and -10 °C), and 's subcellular localization was determined.

RESULTS

TCP genes within the same groups showed similar motifs and cis-acting elements. Cold stress analysis identified multiple low-temperature-responsive elements in gene promoters. Four genes (, , , and ) increased expression under cold stress, while six genes (, , , , , and ) decreased. was localized to the nucleus.

CONCLUSIONS

This was the first genome-wide study of the TCP gene family in these eight species, providing valuable insights into the characteristics and functions of TCP genes within this important genus.