Cheng Lixia, Hu Zhenghui, Gu Jiawei, Li Qian, Liu Jiahao, Liu Meiling, Li Jie, Bi Xiaowen
Department of Medical Genetics and Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China.
Department of Precision Genomics, Intermountain Healthcare, 5121 Cottonwood St., Murray, UT 84107, USA.
Pharmaceuticals (Basel). 2024 Nov 6;17(11):1488. doi: 10.3390/ph17111488.
As a fundamental process of innate immunity, inflammation is associated with the pathologic process of various diseases and constitutes a prevalent risk factor for both cancer and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Studies have indicated that several non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), including Meloxicam, may prevent tumorigenesis, reduce the risk of carcinogenesis, improve the efficacy of anticancer therapies, and reduce the risk of CVD, in addition to controlling the body's inflammatory imbalances. Traditionally, most NSAIDs work by inhibiting cyclooxygenase (COX) activity, thereby blocking the synthesis of prostaglandins (PGs), which play a role in inflammation, cancer, and various cardiovascular conditions. However, long-term COX inhibition and reduced PGs synthesis can result in serious side effects. Recent studies have increasingly shown that some selective COX-2 inhibitors and NSAIDs, such as Meloxicam, may exert effects beyond COX inhibition. This emerging understanding prompts a re-evaluation of the mechanisms by which NSAIDs operate, suggesting that their benefits in cancer and CVD treatment may not solely depend on COX targeting. In this review, we will explore the potential COX-independent mechanisms of Meloxicam and other NSAIDs in addressing oncology and cardiovascular health.
作为固有免疫的一个基本过程，炎症与多种疾病的病理过程相关，并且是癌症和心血管疾病（CVD）的一个普遍危险因素。研究表明，包括美洛昔康在内的几种非甾体抗炎药（NSAIDs），除了能控制机体的炎症失衡外，还可能预防肿瘤发生、降低致癌风险、提高抗癌治疗的疗效以及降低心血管疾病风险。传统上，大多数NSAIDs通过抑制环氧化酶（COX）活性发挥作用，从而阻断前列腺素（PGs）的合成，而PGs在炎症、癌症和各种心血管疾病中起作用。然而，长期抑制COX和减少PGs合成会导致严重的副作用。最近的研究越来越多地表明，一些选择性COX-2抑制剂和NSAIDs，如美洛昔康，可能具有超出COX抑制的作用。这种新出现的认识促使人们重新评估NSAIDs的作用机制，表明它们在癌症和心血管疾病治疗中的益处可能不仅仅取决于靶向COX。在本综述中，我们将探讨美洛昔康和其他NSAIDs在解决肿瘤学和心血管健康问题方面潜在的不依赖COX的机制。
