Kaur Parminder, Sharma Pankaj, Bhatia Prateek, Singh Minu
Haematology-Oncology Unit, Department of Paediatrics, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.
Front Oncol. 2024 Nov 12;14:1445794. doi: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1445794. eCollection 2024.
RNA modification is the critical mechanism for regulating post-transcriptional processes. There are more than 150 RNA modifications reported so far, among which N6-Methyladenosine is the most prevalent one. M6A RNA modification complex consists of 'writers', 'readers' and 'erasers' which together in a group catalyze, recognize and regulate the methylation process of RNA and thereby regulate the stability and translation of mRNA. The discovery of erasers also known as demethylases, revolutionized the research on RNA modifications as it revealed that this modification is reversible. Since then, various studies have focused on discovering the role of m6A modification in various diseases especially cancers. Aberrant expression of these 'readers', 'writers', and 'erasers' is found to be altered in various cancers resulting in disturbance of cellular homeostasis. Acute leukemias are the most common cancer found in pediatric patients and account for 20% of adult cases. Dysregulation of the RNA modifying complex have been reported in development and progression of hematopoietic malignancies. Further, targeting m6A modification is the new approach for cancer immunotherapy and is being explored extensively. This review provides detailed information about current information on the role of m6A RNA modification in acute leukemia and their therapeutic potential.
RNA修饰是调节转录后过程的关键机制。迄今为止，已报道了150多种RNA修饰，其中N6-甲基腺苷是最普遍的一种。M6A RNA修饰复合物由“书写器”“阅读器”和“擦除器”组成，它们共同催化、识别和调节RNA的甲基化过程，从而调节mRNA的稳定性和翻译。擦除器（也称为去甲基化酶）的发现彻底改变了RNA修饰的研究，因为它揭示了这种修饰是可逆的。从那时起，各种研究都集中在发现m6A修饰在各种疾病尤其是癌症中的作用。在各种癌症中发现这些“阅读器”“书写器”和“擦除器”的异常表达发生改变，导致细胞内稳态紊乱。急性白血病是儿科患者中最常见的癌症，占成人病例的20%。RNA修饰复合物的失调在造血系统恶性肿瘤的发生和发展中已有报道。此外，靶向m6A修饰是癌症免疫治疗的新方法，正在被广泛探索。这篇综述提供了有关m6A RNA修饰在急性白血病中的作用及其治疗潜力的当前信息的详细内容。
