Mahmood Arhum, Ray Rubela, Bin Salam Shaikh Shams T, Haque Fatima, Akkaldevi Jahnavi, Masmoum Mohd Diya, Hassan Mohammad S, Essani Binish, Anjum Tooba, Mirza Muhammad Sohail S
Internal Medicine, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, USA.
Internal Medicine, Bankura Sammilani Medical College and Hospital, Bankura, IND.
Cureus. 2024 Oct 26;16(10):e72450. doi: 10.7759/cureus.72450. eCollection 2024 Oct.
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are some of the most common conditions and the major contributors to death and disability globally, hence the need for proper secondary prevention interventions. Cardiac rehabilitation (CR) programs have been recognized as an essential component in the treatment of CVDs with the goal of decreasing the risk of new cardiovascular events and improving the quality of life. This systematic review and meta-analysis sought to determine the impact of CR as a form of CVD treatment on mortality, morbidity, functional capacity, and quality of life amongst the patient population. The search resulted in 12 studies that fulfilled the inclusion criteria, which included both randomized controlled trials as well as cohort studies. The meta-analysis, therefore, showed that the CR program is effective in reducing all-cause mortality (RR=0 74, 95% CI: 0.62-0. Favorable effects of intervention regarding participation measures were found in the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) domains of body functions (pool standardized mean differences (SMD)= 0.55, 95% CI: 0.43-0.68). The results confirm the significance of CR programs as an essential element of secondary prevention of CVDs, stressing the ability of CR to lower mortality rates and improve patients' functional status. Despite this, the implementation of CR programs continues to be suboptimal globally for various healthcare facilities; hence the requirement for interventions to ensure that more patients incorporate the protocols and adapt uniform CR protocols.
心血管疾病（CVDs）是全球最常见的疾病类型之一，也是导致死亡和残疾的主要原因，因此需要采取适当的二级预防干预措施。心脏康复（CR）项目已被公认为是治疗心血管疾病的重要组成部分，其目标是降低新的心血管事件风险并提高生活质量。本系统评价和荟萃分析旨在确定CR作为一种心血管疾病治疗形式对患者群体死亡率、发病率、功能能力和生活质量的影响。检索结果得到了12项符合纳入标准的研究，其中包括随机对照试验和队列研究。因此，荟萃分析表明，CR项目在降低全因死亡率方面是有效的（风险比RR=0.74，95%置信区间CI：0.62-0. 关于参与度测量的干预在《国际功能、残疾和健康分类》（ICF）的身体功能领域产生了有利影响（合并标准化平均差SMD=0.55，95%置信区间CI：0.43-0.68）。结果证实了CR项目作为心血管疾病二级预防重要要素的重要性，强调了CR降低死亡率和改善患者功能状态的能力。尽管如此，全球范围内各种医疗机构实施CR项目的情况仍不尽人意；因此需要采取干预措施，以确保更多患者采用相关方案并采用统一的CR方案。
