Deedklin Attapong, Pisek Araya, Kongsomboon Supaporn, Pisek Poonsak
Division of Orthodontics, Department of Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.
Division of Dental Public Health, Department of Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.
Orthod Craniofac Res. 2025 Apr;28(2):345-353. doi: 10.1111/ocr.12879. Epub 2024 Nov 27.
Alveolar bone grafting (ABG) influences facial soft tissue changes, but the precise effects on the nose and upper lip remain unclear. This study used three-dimensional (3D) facial images to evaluate nose and upper lip alterations after ABG. We further enhanced the visualisation of these changes by generating 3D superimpositions, colour maps and deviation analyses of key critical landmarks in these regions.
Forty patients (8-20 years old) with non-syndromic unilateral cleft lip and cleft palate (UCLP) underwent ABG using the iliac bone from September 2022 to September 2023. Three-dimensional facial images were analysed 1 month before and 3 months after surgery to evaluate the spatial displacement of 18 nose and upper lip landmarks to assess changes after ABG. Colour maps were constructed, and 3D deviation analysis was also performed. Paired sample t tests and Wilcoxon's signed-rank tests were used to analyse alterations.
The 3D analysis uncovered significant forward movement on the cleft side only. This included nasal alar, alar curvature and subalar points. The labrale superius of the upper lip showed similar movement. Conversely, other landmarks showed minimal changes in all directions.
ABG can improve the nasal contour on the cleft side. After ABG, significant forward movement occurs in the cleft side of the nasal alar, alar curvature and subalar regions. Although these changes are minimal, they contribute to the overall improvement in facial aesthetics.
牙槽骨植骨术（ABG）会影响面部软组织变化，但对鼻子和上唇的确切影响尚不清楚。本研究使用三维（3D）面部图像评估牙槽骨植骨术后鼻子和上唇的改变。我们通过生成这些区域关键重要标志点的3D叠加图、彩色地图和偏差分析，进一步增强了这些变化的可视化效果。
2022年9月至2023年9月，40例（8 - 20岁）非综合征性单侧唇腭裂（UCLP）患者接受了取自髂骨的牙槽骨植骨术。在手术前1个月和手术后3个月分析三维面部图像，以评估18个鼻子和上唇标志点的空间位移，从而评估牙槽骨植骨术后的变化。构建了彩色地图，并进行了3D偏差分析。采用配对样本t检验和Wilcoxon符号秩检验分析变化情况。
3D分析发现仅在裂隙侧有显著向前移动。这包括鼻翼、鼻翼曲率和鼻翼下点。上唇的上唇缘点显示出类似的移动。相反，其他标志点在各个方向上变化极小。
牙槽骨植骨术可改善裂隙侧的鼻轮廓。牙槽骨植骨术后，鼻翼、鼻翼曲率和鼻翼下区域的裂隙侧出现显著向前移动。虽然这些变化很小，但它们有助于整体面部美学的改善。
