Yang Dongfeng, Li Xiangwei, Zhu Shuxiang, Zeng Li, Lei Aiwen, Yi Hong
College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, The Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, Hubei, P.R. China.
ChemSusChem. 2025 Apr 14;18(8):e202402224. doi: 10.1002/cssc.202402224. Epub 2024 Dec 12.
The synthetic research for building γ-butyrolactones is being developed due to the high value of lactone skeletons, commonly found in natural products, functional molecules, bioactive agents and pharmaceuticals. However, reported synthetic methods, including harsh conditions, reliance on volatile activating reagents, and using noble metals, remain challenging. In this work, we present an electro-oxidative (3+2) annulation of alkenes with 1,3-diesters, offering an efficient route to γ-butyrolactones. This approach eliminates the need for external oxidants or bases and substrate pre-activation. Mechanistic studies suggest that ferrocene acts as a mediator to activate 1,3-diesters.
由于内酯骨架具有很高的价值，其常见于天然产物、功能分子、生物活性剂和药物中，因此关于构建γ-丁内酯的合成研究正在不断发展。然而，已报道的合成方法，包括苛刻的条件、对挥发性活化试剂的依赖以及使用贵金属，仍然具有挑战性。在这项工作中，我们展示了一种烯烃与1,3-二酯的电氧化(3 + 2)环化反应，为γ-丁内酯提供了一条有效途径。这种方法无需外部氧化剂或碱以及底物预活化。机理研究表明，二茂铁作为一种介质来活化1,3-二酯。
