Sookdeo Avinash, Shaikh Yusuf M, Bhattacharjee Mridula, Khan Javaria, Alvi Waqar Ahmad, Arshad Muhammad Saad, Tariq Arafat Hassan, Muzammil Muhammad
St. George's University School of Medicine, St. Georges, Grenada.
Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan.
Int J Emerg Med. 2024 Nov 27;17(1):180. doi: 10.1186/s12245-024-00771-6.
Stroke in adolescents and young adults are uncommon, and unlike in older adults, the etiology can be a challenging puzzle to solve. Patients often lack traditional risk factors such as hypertension or may be too young for suspected atherosclerotic disease. Additionally, among this group, various stroke mimics exist that can cloud physician judgment, leading to under- or overtreatment.
There is a significant gap in the current literature and clinical evidence regarding stroke in this population. This review of the literature aims to extract important information surrounding the etiology, risk factors, diagnosis, management, and complications of stroke in younger people and address stroke mimics and how they can appear similar and different from ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke. Additionally, we discuss the importance of furthering research in this specific population in all areas due to a concerning rise in stroke frequency and unique associated disabilities.
The acute treatment of stroke in young patients is similar to older adults. While stroke mimics may complicate suspicion and cause hesitance, delays in stroke care should be avoided. There remains a need for research in the areas of diagnosis, management, and assessment of long-term care and challenges in this population of patients.
青少年和青年发生卒中并不常见，与老年人不同，其病因可能是一个难以解开的难题。患者往往缺乏高血压等传统风险因素，或者因年龄太小而不太可能患有疑似动脉粥样硬化疾病。此外，在这一群体中，存在各种类似卒中的情况，可能会干扰医生的判断，导致治疗不足或过度治疗。
目前关于该人群卒中的文献和临床证据存在重大空白。这篇文献综述旨在提取有关年轻人卒中的病因、风险因素、诊断、治疗及并发症的重要信息，并探讨类似卒中的情况，以及它们与缺血性或出血性卒中在哪些方面相似和不同。此外，鉴于卒中发生率令人担忧地上升以及相关的独特残疾情况（问题），我们讨论了在这一特定人群的所有领域进一步开展研究的重要性。
年轻患者卒中的急性治疗与老年患者相似。虽然类似卒中的情况可能会使诊断存疑并导致犹豫，但应避免卒中治疗的延误。在该患者群体的诊断、治疗以及长期护理评估和挑战等领域仍有必要开展研究。
