Department of Respiration, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Changle Road 68, Nanjing, 210006, China.
Sleep Breath. 2024 Nov 28;29(1):20. doi: 10.1007/s11325-024-03188-w.
This study aimed to characterize the relationship between habitual food intake and OSA.
The diet of 200 volunteers was evaluated using a Food Frequency Questionnaire. The patients were further allocated to mild, moderate, and severe OSA groups. The relationships of OSA with diet were evaluated using multivariate linear regression analysis and the relationships of the energy supply ratio for three major nutrients and demand with sleep parameters were assessed using correlation analysis.
The analysis of nutrient intake showed a reduced energy intake in non-OSA patients (11953.98 ± 7578.11 kJ, 95% CI 9677.27-14230.70 kJ) as compared to severe-OSA patients (15153.43 ± 6541.89 kJ, 95% CI 13678.46-16628.40 kJ) (p < 0.05). Similarly, lower intake of carbohydrates was observed in non-OSA (249.94 ± 134.96 g/day, 95% CI 209.39-290.48 g/day) as compared to severe OSA patients (348.57 ± 112.34 g/day, 95% CI 323.24-373.90 g/day) (p < 0.05). Compared with participants without OSA, we found that those with OSA had significantly poorer diets, with higher contents of rice (β = 0.195, p = 0.006), wheat (β = 0.236, p = 0.001), stuffed food items (β = 0.278, p < 0.001), fried food (β = 0.193, p = 0.006), dairy products (β = 0.198, p = 0.005), and sweet beverages (β = 0.154, p = 0.030). After adjustment for age, sex, the presence of diabetes, and waist-hip ratio, these relationships remained. Furthermore, a higher proportion of energy intake in the form of carbohydrate was associated with more severe OSA.
The severity of OSA is related to the level of carbohydrate consumption. Poor dietary habits predispose toward body mass gain and a worsening of sleep-related parameters, which may accelerate the pathogenesis of OSA.
本研究旨在描述习惯性食物摄入与阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停（OSA）之间的关系。
采用食物频率问卷评估 200 名志愿者的饮食情况。患者进一步分为轻度、中度和重度 OSA 组。采用多元线性回归分析评估 OSA 与饮食的关系，采用相关分析评估三大营养素能量供应比和需求与睡眠参数的关系。
营养摄入分析显示，与重度 OSA 患者（15153.43±6541.89kJ，95%CI 13678.46-16628.40kJ）相比，非 OSA 患者的能量摄入减少（11953.98±7578.11kJ，95%CI 9677.27-14230.70kJ）（p<0.05）。同样，非 OSA 患者的碳水化合物摄入量也较低（249.94±134.96g/天，95%CI 209.39-290.48g/天），而重度 OSA 患者（348.57±112.34g/天，95%CI 323.24-373.90g/天）（p<0.05）。与无 OSA 参与者相比，我们发现 OSA 患者的饮食明显较差，米饭（β=0.195，p=0.006）、小麦（β=0.236，p=0.001）、馅料食品（β=0.278，p<0.001）、油炸食品（β=0.193，p=0.006）、乳制品（β=0.198，p=0.005）和甜饮料（β=0.154，p=0.030）的含量较高。调整年龄、性别、糖尿病和腰臀比后，这些关系仍然存在。此外，碳水化合物摄入量中能量比例较高与 OSA 更严重相关。
OSA 的严重程度与碳水化合物的消耗水平有关。不良的饮食习惯容易导致体重增加和睡眠相关参数恶化，从而加速 OSA 的发病机制。
