Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health and safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Environmental and Occupational Hazards Control Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Sci Rep. 2024 Nov 28;14(1):29583. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-77419-1.
The aim of this study was to investigate the photocatalytic mineralization and degradation of Diclofenac (DCF) using Mn-WO/LED in a photoreactor setup. The study analyzed the impact of operational variables, such as the initial concentration of DCF, pH level, reaction time, and catalyst dosage, on the degradation of DCF in the Mn-WO/LED process. The characteristics of Mn-WO nanoparticles (NPs) were analyzed using a variety of techniques, including BET, TEM, XRD, TGA, FTIR, and FESEM. The results showed that the optimal conditions for achieving complete degradation of DCF were a pH of 7, a reaction time of 70 min, and a photocatalyst dosage of 2.2 g/L. To assess the toxicity of DCF and its degraded products, Daphnia Magna was used for toxicity analysis. It was determined that the degradation of DCF was primarily mediated by the presence of free HO· radicals. Under optimal conditions, the degradation of DCF reached a mineralization rate of 74% within 90 min and 88% within 180 min. The presence of aqueous anions did not significantly impact the degradation of DCF, demonstrating the stability of the process. Intermediate products of the degradation of DCF included simpler compounds such as phenol and maleic acid. Toxicity analysis demonstrated a significant reduction in the toxicity of the aqueous sample after DCF degradation compared to the control, demonstrating the efficacy of the treatment process. Furthermore, the process proved to be energy efficient, with a lower energy consumption than previously reported methods. Overall, the Mn-WO/LED process presents itself as a promising, feasible, and cost-effective solution for the degradation and mineralization of emerging contaminants such as DCF.
本研究旨在利用 Mn-WO/LED 在光反应器中对双氯芬酸（DCF）进行光催化矿化和降解。该研究分析了操作变量（如 DCF 的初始浓度、pH 值、反应时间和催化剂剂量）对 Mn-WO/LED 过程中 DCF 降解的影响。使用多种技术分析了 Mn-WO 纳米粒子（NPs）的特性，包括 BET、TEM、XRD、TGA、FTIR 和 FESEM。结果表明，在 pH 值为 7、反应时间为 70 min 和催化剂剂量为 2.2 g/L 的最佳条件下，可实现 DCF 的完全降解。为了评估 DCF 及其降解产物的毒性，使用大型溞（Daphnia Magna）进行毒性分析。结果表明，DCF 的降解主要是通过存在游离的 HO·自由基介导的。在最佳条件下，90 min 内 DCF 的降解达到 74%的矿化率，180 min 内达到 88%的矿化率。水相阴离子的存在并没有显著影响 DCF 的降解，表明该过程具有稳定性。DCF 降解的中间产物包括较简单的化合物，如苯酚和马来酸。毒性分析表明，与对照相比，DCF 降解后水样的毒性显著降低，证明了处理过程的有效性。此外，该过程具有节能优势，其能耗低于先前报道的方法。总体而言，Mn-WO/LED 工艺为降解和矿化新兴污染物（如 DCF）提供了一种有前途、可行且具有成本效益的解决方案。
