Grove James C R, Knight Zachary A
Department of Physiology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Kavli Center for Fundamental Neuroscience, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.
Department of Physiology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Kavli Center for Fundamental Neuroscience, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.
Neuron. 2024 Dec 18;112(24):3999-4016. doi: 10.1016/j.neuron.2024.10.028. Epub 2024 Nov 27.
The first act of life was the capture of water within a cell membrane, and maintaining fluid homeostasis is critical for the survival of most organisms. In this review, we discuss the neural mechanisms that drive animals to seek out and consume water and salt. We discuss the cellular and molecular mechanisms for sensing imbalances in blood osmolality, volume, and sodium content; how this information is integrated in the brain to produce thirst and salt appetite; and how these motivational drives are rapidly quenched by the ingestion of water and salt. We also highlight some of the gaps in our current understanding of the fluid homeostasis system, including the molecular identity of the key sensors that detect many fluid imbalances, as well as the mechanisms that control drinking in the absence of physiologic deficit, such as during meals.
生命的首要行为是在细胞膜内捕获水分，维持液体稳态对大多数生物体的生存至关重要。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了驱动动物寻找并摄入水和盐的神经机制。我们探讨了感知血液渗透压、体积和钠含量失衡的细胞和分子机制；这些信息如何在大脑中整合以产生口渴感和对盐的渴望；以及摄入水和盐后这些动机驱动力如何迅速消退。我们还强调了目前我们对液体稳态系统理解中的一些空白，包括检测许多液体失衡的关键传感器的分子身份，以及在没有生理缺陷（如进餐时）的情况下控制饮水的机制。
