Escalera-Anzola Sara, Rosado Maria, Yang Yuchen, Parra-Sanchez Daniel, Pedro-Liberal Carolina San, Acedo Pilar
Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, Royal Free Hospital Campus, University College London, Pond Street, London NW3 2QG, United Kingdom; Smart Devices for Nano Medicine Group, Unidad Excelencia Instituto de BioMedicina y Genética Molecular (IBGM) de Valladolid, University of Valladolid and CSIC, Valladolid, Spain.
Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, Royal Free Hospital Campus, University College London, Pond Street, London NW3 2QG, United Kingdom.
Biochem Pharmacol. 2025 Feb;232:116685. doi: 10.1016/j.bcp.2024.116685. Epub 2024 Nov 28.
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the deadliest cancers worldwide, mainly due to its high heterogeneity, resistance to therapy and late diagnosis, with a 5-year survival rate of less than 10%. This dismal prognosis has promoted strategies to develop more effective treatments. Nanoparticle-based strategies have emerged, in the last decades, as a great opportunity because they can enhance drug delivery and promote controlled release, presenting lower side effects than conventional therapeutic regimens. Moreover, nanoparticles can often be modified to target specific cells or to achieve a sustained release of the drugs into the tumor. However, very few nanoparticle-based therapies are clinically approved. Concretely for pancreatic cancer treatment only two nanoformulations have been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the European Medicines Agency (EMA) so far. Clinical translation of nanoparticles remains a challenge for modern medicine, and in particular for pancreatic cancer therapy, because of the complexity of the disease, and a lack of studies been performed in clinically relevant in vitro and in vivo models. In this review, we have summarized the most recent clinical trials using nanoparticle-based formulations in PDAC, giving a small context of the diverse types of nanoparticles employed and the most recent advancements in the field.
胰腺导管腺癌（PDAC）是全球最致命的癌症之一，主要原因在于其高度异质性、对治疗的抗性以及诊断较晚，5年生存率低于10%。这种严峻的预后促使人们寻求更有效的治疗策略。在过去几十年中，基于纳米颗粒的策略应运而生，成为一个绝佳机遇，因为它们能够增强药物递送并促进控释，与传统治疗方案相比副作用更小。此外，纳米颗粒通常可以进行修饰，以靶向特定细胞或实现药物在肿瘤中的持续释放。然而，目前临床上获批的基于纳米颗粒的疗法极少。具体而言，到目前为止，用于胰腺癌治疗的纳米制剂仅有两种获得了美国食品药品监督管理局（FDA）和欧洲药品管理局（EMA）的批准。纳米颗粒的临床转化仍然是现代医学面临的一项挑战，尤其是对于胰腺癌治疗而言，这是由于该疾病的复杂性以及缺乏在临床相关的体外和体内模型中开展的研究。在本综述中，我们总结了最近在PDAC中使用基于纳米颗粒制剂的临床试验，简要介绍了所采用的不同类型纳米颗粒以及该领域的最新进展。
