Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology, Prof. S. Kaliskiego 7, Bydgoszcz, 85-796, Poland.
Department of Horticultural Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Maragheh, Maragheh, 55181-83111, Iran.
Sci Rep. 2024 Nov 30;14(1):29779. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-81783-3.
Alternative barley genotypes can be a source of genetic variability for breeding and raw material for functional food production. The reaction of these genotypes to diverse sowing densities is unknown. The study aimed to assess the response in physiological characteristics of alternative barley genotypes Hordeum vulgare var. rimpaui and H. v. var. nigricans to increasing sowing density. In a strict field experiment, two barley genotypes and five sowing densities were tested: 250, 300, 350, 400, and 450 grains m. Chlorophyll fluorescence indices, relative chlorophyll content (SPAD), and leaf area index (LAI) were assessed. The interaction of the study year, genotype, and sowing density significantly shaped the physiological indices of the canopy. When rainfall was deficient, the plants reduced their leaf area but had higher SPAD and PI of the flag leaf. In the year with optimal rainfall, LAI increased with increasing sowing density. In the dry year, PI of the flag leaf in H. v. var. rimpaui was the highest at 250 grains m and decreased with increasing density, and in H. v. var. nigricans, it only reduced at 450 grains m A strong negative relationship was observed between LAI and SPAD, as well as between LAI and PI. Sowing density had a significant effect on grain yield per plant, which was related to the physiological response. However, the genotypes tested responded differently to this factor. The results may by prove for agricultural practice and scientific research, particularly in relation to the optimal sowing density of alternative barley genotypes and the identification of density-tolerant genotypes in response to varying environmental conditions.
替代型大麦基因型可以作为遗传变异的来源，用于培育和功能性食品生产的原材料。这些基因型对不同播种密度的反应尚不清楚。本研究旨在评估替代型大麦基因型 Hordeum vulgare var. rimpaui 和 H. v. var. nigricans 对增加播种密度的生理特性的反应。在严格的田间试验中，测试了两个大麦基因型和五个播种密度：250、300、350、400 和 450 粒/平方米。评估了叶绿素荧光指数、相对叶绿素含量（SPAD）和叶面积指数（LAI）。研究年份、基因型和播种密度的相互作用显著塑造了冠层的生理指标。当降雨量不足时，植物会减少叶片面积，但旗叶的 SPAD 和 PI 较高。在降雨量最佳的年份，随着播种密度的增加，LAI 增加。在干旱年份，H. v. var. rimpaui 的旗叶 PI 在 250 粒/平方米时最高，随着密度的增加而降低，而在 H. v. var. nigricans 中，仅在 450 粒/平方米时降低。LAI 与 SPAD 以及 LAI 与 PI 之间存在强烈的负相关关系。播种密度对单株籽粒产量有显著影响，这与生理响应有关。然而，测试的基因型对这一因素的反应不同。研究结果可能为农业实践和科学研究提供参考，特别是在替代型大麦基因型的最佳播种密度以及识别对不同环境条件具有密度耐受性的基因型方面。
