En-Nejmy Khaoula, El Hayany Bouchra, Al-Alawi Mutaz, Jemo Martin, Hafidi Mohamed, El Fels Loubna
Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnologies, Agrosciences and Environment, (BioMAgE) Labeled Research Unit-CNRST N°4, Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University Marrakech, Morocco.
Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnologies, Agrosciences and Environment, (BioMAgE) Labeled Research Unit-CNRST N°4, Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University Marrakech, Morocco; Higher Institute of Nursing Professions and Health Techniques, Essaouira-Marrakech, Morocco.
Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2024 Dec;288:117332. doi: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.117332. Epub 2024 Nov 30.
Through their accumulation in soils, microplastics have recently become a matter of concern. The aim of this review is to assemble and investigate the recent studies about microplastics in soil by focusing on their sources, occurrence, fate in soil, and analytical methods. The objective is also to clarify and elucidate their potential impacts on soil fauna, plants and microorganisms. In this paper, articles reporting the quantity of microplastics and their characteristics in soil at 62 sites situated across 17 countries were reviewed. The land type, microplastic abundances, types and sizes were compared. We summarized and discussed the sampling and analytical methods used and the variation of microplastic concentration according to their sources. The data showed that microplastic in soil from available global studies ranged from 0 to 3573×10 particles kg, with major dominance of polyethylene, polystyrene and polypropylene found in 50, 37 and 32 studies, respectively. The data analysis showed the high migration of small particles, spherical shape with high polymer density in the major studies. We also described the mechanisms controlling the vertical transport of microplastics: agricultural activity (plowing: at a depth between 10 cm (very shallow plowing) and 40 cm (deeper soil tillage)), bioturbation by soil organisms and plants, and leaching that can lead to the contamination of the groundwater. This review elucidated the behavior and fate of microplastics within the soil, serving as a reference for upcoming studies aimed at devising solutions to mitigate the toxicity associated with microplastics in soil.
通过在土壤中的积累，微塑料最近已成为一个备受关注的问题。本综述的目的是汇总并研究近期关于土壤中微塑料的研究，重点关注其来源、存在情况、在土壤中的归宿以及分析方法。目标还包括阐明并阐释它们对土壤动物、植物和微生物的潜在影响。本文对报告了分布在17个国家的62个地点土壤中微塑料数量及其特征的文章进行了综述。比较了土地类型、微塑料丰度、类型和尺寸。我们总结并讨论了所使用的采样和分析方法以及微塑料浓度根据其来源的变化。数据表明，现有全球研究中土壤中的微塑料含量范围为0至3573×10颗粒/千克，在50项、37项和32项研究中分别发现聚乙烯、聚苯乙烯和聚丙烯占主导地位。数据分析表明，在主要研究中，小颗粒、球形且聚合物密度高的微塑料迁移性高。我们还描述了控制微塑料垂直运输的机制：农业活动（耕作：深度在10厘米（非常浅的耕作）至40厘米（更深的土壤耕作）之间）、土壤生物和植物的生物扰动以及可能导致地下水污染的淋溶。本综述阐明了微塑料在土壤中的行为和归宿，为未来旨在设计解决方案以减轻土壤中微塑料相关毒性影响的研究提供参考。
