Advancements in wastewater treatment: A comprehensive review of ozone microbubbles technology.

Microbubbles (MBs) possess unique characteristics, including exceptional stability, a high specific surface area, and increased internal pressure. When combined with ozone, these properties significantly enhance the mass transfer and utilization efficiency of ozone, resulting in improved removal of organic pollutants. In recent years, the innovative application of the ozone MBs process has garnered attention as an effective method for wastewater treatment. However, research on its application effects and oxidation mechanisms in this field remains relatively limited. This article provides a comprehensive review of the ozone MBs process, detailing the principles of various MB generation techniques, the oxidation mechanisms of ozone MBs, and the practical applications of this process. Additionally, we address existing controversies and highlight the unique features, efficacy, and limitations of this technology in wastewater treatment. Future research should urgently investigate the pollutant removal mechanisms of the ozone MBs process through device optimization and bubble dynamics, with the aim of enhancing processing efficiency and reducing operating costs. This study presents a viable direction for the advancement and exploration of ozone MB technology, providing scientific support and guidance for its future applications in wastewater treatment.