Yu Xiaojun, Wu Zhenhua, Luo Kai, Zhou Wanyou, Mai Kangsen, Zhang Wenbing
The Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feeds (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), The Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Fisheries College, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China.
Hubei Key Laboratory of Waterlogging Disaster and Agricultural Use of Wetland, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China.
Fish Shellfish Immunol. 2025 Feb;157:110060. doi: 10.1016/j.fsi.2024.110060. Epub 2024 Nov 29.
The present study evaluated the replacement of fish meal (FM) with two different soybean protein sources (soybean protein concentrate (SPC) and soybean meal (SBM)) on the intestine microbiota of abalone Haliotis discus hannai and the implications for the host intestinal function and health. The control diet with FM as the main protein source (CON), and the four experimental diets with 50 % and 100 % SBM replacing FM (SBM50 and SBM100), and 25 % and 100 % SPC replacing FM (SPC25 and SPC100) were fed to abalone for 110 days. The intestinal microbiota analysis results revealed that there were no significant differences in α-diversity indices (Chao1, Ace, Sobs, and Shannon) among all groups. However, analysis of similarity (ANOSIM) demonstrated dramatic shifts in the intestinal microbiota component at the genus level among the groups. Venn diagram analysis identified 470 overlapping operational taxonomic units (OTUs) across the five groups, with the SBM50 and CON groups exhibiting the highest and lowest number of unique OTUs, respectively. Firmicutes and Proteobacteria were the predominant phyla in abalone, with Mycoplasma being the dominant genus (CON: 42.95 %; SBM50: 23.98 %; SBM100: 49.32 %; SPC25: 27.20 %; SPC100: 34.25 %). Notably, the pathogens Vibrio abundance in the SPC25 group was significantly lower than in the CON group. The intestinal microbiota networks in the CON, SBM50, SBM100, SPC25, and SPC100 groups consisted of 1757, 2140, 1992, 2281 and 1747 edges, respectively. Furthermore, correlation heatmap results suggested that digestive enzymes and immune indices in abalone were associated with specific intestinal microbiota. Functional prediction via the KEGG pathway analysis revealed that the replacement levels of dietary FM with SBM and SPC significantly affect various biological functions of the intestinal microbiota. In summary, feeding SBM (50 %) and SPC (25 %) diets to abalone increased the abundance of beneficial bacterium in the intestines, contributing to improved digestion and increased growth rate of abalone.
本研究评估了用两种不同的大豆蛋白源（大豆浓缩蛋白（SPC）和豆粕（SBM））替代鱼粉（FM）对皱纹盘鲍肠道微生物群的影响，以及对宿主肠道功能和健康的影响。以FM作为主要蛋白质来源的对照日粮（CON），以及用50%和100%的SBM替代FM的四种实验日粮（SBM50和SBM100），和用25%和100%的SPC替代FM的实验日粮（SPC25和SPC100），投喂皱纹盘鲍110天。肠道微生物群分析结果显示，所有组之间的α-多样性指数（Chao1、Ace、Sobs和Shannon）没有显著差异。然而，相似性分析（ANOSIM）表明，各组之间在属水平上肠道微生物群组成发生了显著变化。维恩图分析确定了五组中共有470个重叠的可操作分类单元（OTU），其中SBM50组和CON组分别表现出最高和最低数量的独特OTU。厚壁菌门和变形菌门是皱纹盘鲍中的主要门类，支原体是优势属（CON：42.95%；SBM50：23.98%；SBM100：49.32%；SPC25：27.20%；SPC100：34.25%）。值得注意的是，SPC25组中的病原菌弧菌丰度显著低于CON组。CON、SBM50、SBM100、SPC25和SPC100组的肠道微生物群网络分别由1757、2140、1992、2281和1747条边组成。此外，相关性热图结果表明，皱纹盘鲍中的消化酶和免疫指标与特定的肠道微生物群有关。通过KEGG通路分析进行的功能预测表明，用SBM和SPC替代日粮FM的水平显著影响肠道微生物群的各种生物学功能。总之，给皱纹盘鲍投喂SBM（50%）和SPC（25%）日粮可增加肠道中有益细菌的丰度，有助于改善消化并提高皱纹盘鲍的生长速度。
