用酶解豆粕替代饲料中的鱼粉对皱纹盘鲍生长性能、肠道微生物群、免疫和 mTOR 通路的影响。
Effects of replacing dietary fish meal with enzyme-treated soybean meal on growth performance, intestinal microbiota, immunity and mTOR pathway in abalone Haliotis discus hannai.
机构信息
The Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feeds (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), The Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Fisheries College, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China.
The Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feeds (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), The Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Fisheries College, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Wen Hai Road, Qingdao, 266237, China.
出版信息
Fish Shellfish Immunol. 2022 Nov;130:9-21. doi: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.08.073. Epub 2022 Sep 7.
In addition to eliminating most of the anti-nutritional factors in soybean meal, enzyme-treated soybean meal (ESBM) can also increase the proportion of small peptides. It was found that ESBM can replace fish meal (FM) either partially or completely in diets for some fish and shrimp species. In the present study, the effects of replacing dietary FM with ESBM on growth performance, intestinal microbiota, immunity and mTOR pathway in abalone Haliotis discus hannai (initial weight: 16.75 ± 0.09 g) were investigated after a 100-day feeding trial. Five experimental diets were designed to replace 0%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% of dietary FM by ESBM, which were named as ESBM0 (control), ESBM25, ESBM50, ESBM75 and ESBM100, respectively. Results showed that ESBM could replace up to 75% of FM in the diet without significant effect on the weight gain rate (WGR, 118.05%-124.16%) of abalone. The increasing dietary ESBM levels significantly decreased the trypsin activity from 418.52 to 286.52 U/mg protein in the digestive gland. No significant differences in the contents of total cholesterol (T-CHO), ammonia (BLA) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in cell-free hemolymph were observed among the groups with replacement levels of dietary FM by ESBM from 0% to 75%. Excessive replacement level of FM with ESBM (ESBM100) significantly increased the MDA content (2.33 nmol/mg prot.) and pro-inflammatory-related gene expression in digestive gland. Compared with the control group, the mTOR pathway in muscle was significantly upregulated in the ESBM75 group. The digestive gland in the ESBM100 group contained more golden refractile spherules than those in the other groups. The abundance of intestinal microbes such as Halomonas, Zobellella and Bacillus was decreased in the ESBM100 group. In conclusion, up to 75% of replacement of dietary FM by ESBM had no negative effects on the growth performance, intestinal microbiota, immunity and mTOR pathway of abalone.
除了消除豆粕中的大部分抗营养因子外，酶处理豆粕（ESBM）还可以增加小肽的比例。研究发现，ESBM 可以部分或完全替代一些鱼类和虾类的饲料中的鱼粉（FM）。在本研究中，进行了 100 天的饲养试验，研究了用 ESBM 替代饲料中 FM 对皱纹盘鲍 Haliotis discus hannai（初始体重：16.75±0.09g）生长性能、肠道微生物群、免疫力和 mTOR 途径的影响。设计了五种实验饲料，分别用 ESBM 替代 0%、25%、50%、75%和 100%的饲料 FM，分别命名为 ESBM0（对照）、ESBM25、ESBM50、ESBM75 和 ESBM100。结果表明，ESBM 可替代饲料中高达 75%的 FM，而对鲍鱼的增重率（WGR，118.05%-124.16%）没有显著影响。随着饲料中 ESBM 水平的增加，消化腺中胰蛋白酶活性从 418.52 降至 286.52 U/mg 蛋白。用 ESBM 替代饲料中 FM 的替代水平从 0%到 75%，各组游离血淋巴中总胆固醇（T-CHO）、氨（BLA）和丙二醛（MDA）的含量均无显著差异。过量替代饲料中 FM 的 ESBM（ESBM100）显著增加了 MDA 含量（2.33 nmol/mg prot.）和消化腺中与炎症相关的基因表达。与对照组相比，ESBM75 组肌肉中的 mTOR 途径显著上调。ESBM100 组的消化腺中含有比其他组更多的金黄色折射球体。ESBM100 组肠道微生物如盐单胞菌、佐贝尔氏菌和芽孢杆菌的丰度降低。总之，用 ESBM 替代饲料中高达 75%的 FM 对鲍鱼的生长性能、肠道微生物群、免疫力和 mTOR 途径没有负面影响。
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