Tesic Biljana, Fa Nedeljkovic Svetlana, Markovic Filipovic Jelena, Samardzija Nenadov Dragana, Pogrmic-Majkic Kristina, Andric Nebojsa
University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biology and Ecology, Serbia.
University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biology and Ecology, Serbia.
Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol. 2025 Mar;289:110090. doi: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2024.110090. Epub 2024 Nov 29.
Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) is a plasticizer used in various industrial and consumer products. It is not covalently bound within these products and leaches out during repeated use, heating, or cleaning. Main routes of environmental DEHP pollution are through the industrial and municipal wastewaters, which pollute aquatic environments. The reproductive system of adult fish is known to be vulnerable to DEHP exposure; however, the effects of early-life exposure to DEHP on reproductive function in adult zebrafish (Danio rerio) females are less studied. To evaluate the impact of early-life exposure to DEHP on freshwater female fish reproduction, zebrafish embryos were exposed to DEHP at 0, 10, 100, and 1000 nmol/L from 5 h post-fertilization (hpf) to 120 hpf (larval stage) and then raised to adulthood in clean water. DEHP decreased the number of released eggs and the fertilization rate after mating with unexposed males. Bodyweight and length, the weight of the ovaries, and the gonadosomatic index were decreased in adult female zebrafish following early-life exposure to DEHP. Histological analysis of the ovaries revealed that DEHP inhibited oogenesis. Serum 17β-estradiol levels were significantly reduced. DEHP inhibited gene expression of all three nuclear estrogen receptors in the ovaries, namely esr1, esr2a, and esr2b, and two gonadotropin receptors, fshr and lhr. These results suggest that transient early-life exposure to environmentally relevant concentrations of DEHP can inhibit the reproduction of adult female zebrafish.
邻苯二甲酸二（2-乙基己基）酯（DEHP）是一种用于各种工业和消费品的增塑剂。它在这些产品中并非以共价键结合，在反复使用、加热或清洁过程中会渗出。环境中DEHP污染的主要途径是通过工业废水和城市污水，这些废水会污染水生环境。已知成年鱼类的生殖系统容易受到DEHP暴露的影响；然而，幼鱼期暴露于DEHP对成年雌性斑马鱼（Danio rerio）生殖功能的影响研究较少。为了评估幼鱼期暴露于DEHP对淡水雌性鱼类繁殖的影响，将斑马鱼胚胎在受精后5小时（hpf）至120 hpf（幼体阶段）暴露于0、10、100和1000 nmol/L的DEHP中，然后在清洁水中饲养至成年。与未暴露的雄性交配后，DEHP降低了产卵数量和受精率。幼鱼期暴露于DEHP后，成年雌性斑马鱼的体重、体长、卵巢重量和性腺指数均下降。卵巢组织学分析显示，DEHP抑制了卵子发生。血清17β-雌二醇水平显著降低。DEHP抑制了卵巢中三种核雌激素受体（即esr1、esr2a和esr2b）以及两种促性腺激素受体（fshr和lhr）的基因表达。这些结果表明，幼鱼期短暂暴露于环境相关浓度的DEHP会抑制成年雌性斑马鱼的繁殖。
