Cho Hye-Kyung, Khuman Sanjenbam Nirmala, Cho In-Gyu, Park Min-Kyu, Choi Sung-Deuk
Department of Civil, Urban, Earth, and Environmental Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea.
Chemosphere. 2024 Dec;369:143821. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.143821. Epub 2024 Dec 6.
The spatial distribution and contamination patterns of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in soil and pine needles from the multi-industrial city of Ulsan, South Korea were assessed. The mean concentrations of Σ PCDD/Fs, Σ dl-PCBs, and Σ I-PCBs were 78 pg/g dw, 90 pg/g dw, and 453 pg/g dw in the soil and 6 pg/g ww, 31 pg/g ww, and 166 pg/g ww in the pine needles, respectively. The mean concentrations of PCDD/Fs, dl-PCBs, and I-PCBs in the soil at industrial sites (138, 184, and 453 pg/g dw) were significantly higher than those at urban (47, 33, and 186 pg/g dw) and suburban sites (48, 49, and 234 pg/g dw). In the pine needles, although PCDD/F and PCB levels were higher at several industrial sites, mean concentrations at the industrial (6, 31, and 166 pg/g ww), urban (4, 29, and 143 pg/g ww), and suburban (4, 31, and 169 pg/g ww) sites were comparable, indicating that atmospheric transport plays a crucial role in spreading contamination throughout the study area. Higher chlorinated PCBs were predominant in the soils, while PCDFs and lower chlorinated PCBs were more common in the pine needles, reflecting the distinct physicochemical properties and interactions of these chemicals with each medium. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) revealed industrial combustion as the main source of PCDD/Fs and PCBs, with Aroclors identified as an additional source of PCBs. Suburban areas were influenced by both local sources and pollutants transported from urban and industrial areas. This study highlights that industrial activities and atmospheric transport significantly contribute to the widespread contamination of PCDD/Fs and PCBs in Ulsan.
对韩国蔚山市这个多工业城市土壤和松针中多氯代二苯并 - 对 - 二噁英和多氯代二苯并呋喃（PCDD/Fs）以及多氯联苯（PCBs）的空间分布和污染模式进行了评估。土壤中ΣPCDD/Fs、Σdl - PCBs和ΣI - PCBs的平均浓度分别为78 pg/g干重、90 pg/g干重和453 pg/g干重，松针中分别为6 pg/g湿重、31 pg/g湿重和166 pg/g湿重。工业区土壤中PCDD/Fs、dl - PCBs和I - PCBs的平均浓度（分别为138、184和453 pg/g干重）显著高于城区（分别为47、33和186 pg/g干重）和郊区（分别为48、49和234 pg/g干重）。在松针中，虽然几个工业区的PCDD/F和PCB水平较高，但工业区（分别为6、31和166 pg/g湿重）、城区（分别为4、29和143 pg/g湿重）和郊区（分别为4、31和169 pg/g湿重）的平均浓度相当，这表明大气传输在整个研究区域污染物扩散中起着关键作用。土壤中高氯代多氯联苯占主导，而多氯代二苯并呋喃和低氯代多氯联苯在松针中更常见，这反映了这些化学物质与每种介质不同的物理化学性质及相互作用。主成分分析（PCA）表明工业燃烧是PCDD/Fs和PCBs的主要来源，氯丹被确定为多氯联苯的另一个来源。郊区受到本地源以及从城区和工业区传输来的污染物的影响。这项研究强调工业活动和大气传输对蔚山市PCDD/Fs和PCBs的广泛污染有显著贡献。
