Faurholt-Jepsen Maria, Busk Jonas, Tønning Morten Lindberg, Rohani Darius, Bardram Jakob Eyvind, Kessing Lars Vedel
Copenhagen Affective Disorder Research Center (CADIC), Psychiatric Center Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark.
Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Acta Psychiatr Scand. 2025 Mar;151(3):426-433. doi: 10.1111/acps.13771. Epub 2024 Dec 1.
Mood, activity, and instability in symptomatology hold significant roles in bipolar disorder (BD) and unipolar disorder (UD). The objectives were to examine disparities in these symptoms among patients with BD and UD.
Data from two studies including patients with BD and UD, respectively, were combined for exploratory analyses. Patients provided daily smartphone-based evaluations of mood and activity/energy for a 6-month period. A total of 47 patients with BD and 59 patients with UD were included in the analyses. The dataset contains more than 13,000 patient-reported evaluations of mood and activity. Daily mood and activity instability measures were calculated using the root squared successive difference method.
In linear mixed effect regression models adjusted for age, sex, and work status, there were statistically significant lower levels of activity in patients with BD as compared with patients with UD overall, during euthymic states and during depressive states (B: -0.61, 95% CI: -0.98; -0.24, p = 0.001). There were no statistically significant differences in mood instability and activity instability between patients with BD and patients with UD overall, during euthymic states and during depressive states, when accounting for multiple testing (p > 0.012).
Analyses were exploratory and post hoc. Findings should be interpreted with caution. The sample size was modest.
Patients with BD presented with lower level of activity as compared with patients with UD. There were no differences in mood and activity instability between these groups. Future studies including larger sample sizes should investigate differences between BD and UD.
ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03033420.
情绪、活动及症状的不稳定性在双相情感障碍（BD）和单相情感障碍（UD）中起着重要作用。目的是研究BD和UD患者在这些症状方面的差异。
分别来自两项包含BD和UD患者的研究数据被合并用于探索性分析。患者在6个月的时间里通过智能手机对情绪和活动/精力进行每日评估。分析共纳入47例BD患者和59例UD患者。该数据集包含超过13000份患者报告的情绪和活动评估。每日情绪和活动不稳定性测量采用连续差值平方和的平方根法计算。
在调整了年龄、性别和工作状态的线性混合效应回归模型中，与总体UD患者相比，BD患者在心境正常状态和抑郁状态下的活动水平在统计学上显著较低（B：-0.61，95%置信区间：-0.98；-0.24，p = 0.001）。在考虑多重检验时，BD患者和总体UD患者在心境正常状态和抑郁状态下的情绪不稳定性和活动不稳定性之间无统计学显著差异（p > 0.012）。
分析为探索性和事后分析。研究结果应谨慎解释。样本量较小。
与UD患者相比，BD患者的活动水平较低。这些组之间在情绪和活动不稳定性方面没有差异。未来纳入更大样本量的研究应调查BD和UD之间的差异。
ClinicalTrials.gov标识符：NCT03033420。
