Carretero Gustavo, Samarasekara Hettikankanamge Kalani, Battigelli Alessia, Mojsoska Biljana
Department of Science and Environment, Roskilde University, Roskilde, 4000, Denmark.
Department of Chemistry, University of Maine, Orono, ME, 04469, USA.
Small. 2025 Mar;21(9):e2406128. doi: 10.1002/smll.202406128. Epub 2024 Dec 1.
Peptoids are bio-inspired peptidomimetic polymers that can be designed to self-assemble into a variety of nanostructures. Among these different assemblies, peptoid nanosheets are the most studied. Peptoid nanosheets are 2D highly ordered nanostructures, able to free float in aqueous solutions while featuring versatile chemical displays that can be tuned to incorporate a plethora of functional units. In this review, the synthetic approach used to prepare sequence-defined oligomers and highlight their main characteristics is introduced. The ability of peptoids to fold into nanostructures is then reviewed with an extensive emphasis on peptoid nanosheets, and their physico-chemical characteristics, assembly mechanism, and stability. A particular focus is also placed on the variety of functionalization incorporated into the peptoid nanosheets to tune their properties toward specific applications, especially within the fields of biology and medicine. Finally, the comparison between peptoid nanosheets and other 2D nanomaterials is discussed to address the challenges in the current nanomaterials and underline the future development of peptoid nanosheets in the field of biology.
类肽是受生物启发的拟肽聚合物，可设计成自组装成各种纳米结构。在这些不同的组装体中，类肽纳米片是研究最多的。类肽纳米片是二维高度有序的纳米结构，能够在水溶液中自由漂浮，同时具有通用的化学展示，可进行调整以纳入大量功能单元。在这篇综述中，介绍了用于制备序列定义的低聚物的合成方法，并突出了它们的主要特征。然后回顾了类肽折叠成纳米结构的能力，重点广泛放在类肽纳米片及其物理化学特性、组装机制和稳定性上。还特别关注了纳入类肽纳米片中的各种功能化，以针对特定应用调整其性能，特别是在生物学和医学领域。最后，讨论了类肽纳米片与其他二维纳米材料之间的比较，以解决当前纳米材料中的挑战，并强调类肽纳米片在生物学领域的未来发展。
