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2024年5月10日至11日的超强地磁风暴:可能的机制与影响

Super-Intense Geomagnetic Storm on 10-11 May 2024: Possible Mechanisms and Impacts.

作者信息

Tulasi Ram S, Veenadhari B, Dimri A P, Bulusu J, Bagiya M, Gurubaran S, Parihar N, Remya B, Seemala G, Singh Rajesh, Sripathi S, Singh S V, Vichare G

机构信息

Indian Institute of Geomagnetism Mumbai India.

出版信息

Space Weather. 2024 Dec;22(12):e2024SW004126. doi: 10.1029/2024SW004126. Epub 2024 Nov 27.

DOI:10.1029/2024SW004126
PMID:39620207
原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11602687/
Abstract

One of the most intense geomagnetic storms of recent times occurred on 10-11 May 2024. With a peak negative excursion of Sym-H below -500 nT, this storm is the second largest of the space era. Solar wind energy transferred through radiation and mass coupling affected the entire Geospace. Our study revealed that the dayside magnetopause was compressed below the geostationary orbit (6.6 RE) for continuously ∼6 hr due to strong Solar Wind Dynamic Pressure (SWDP). Tremendous compression pushed the bow-shock also to below the geostationary orbit for a few minutes. Magnetohydrodynamic models suggest that the magnetopause location could be as low as 3.3RE. We show that a unique combination of high SWDP (≥15 nPa) with an intense eastward interplanetary electric field (IEF ≥ 2.5 mV/m) within a super-dense Interplanetary Coronal Mass Ejection lasted for 409 min-is the key factor that led to the strong ring current at much closer to the Earth causing such an intense storm. Severe electrodynamic disturbances led to a strong positive ionospheric storm with more than 100% increase in dayside ionospheric Total Electron Content (TEC), affecting GPS positioning/navigation. Further, an HF radio blackout was found to occur in the 2-12 MHz frequency band due to strong D- and E-region ionization resulting from a solar flare prior to this storm.

摘要

近代以来最强烈的地磁风暴之一于2024年5月10日至11日发生。此次风暴期间,环电流指数(Sym-H)的最大负偏差低于-500纳特斯拉,是太空时代第二大强烈的地磁风暴。通过辐射和质量耦合传输的太阳风能影响了整个地球空间。我们的研究表明,由于强烈的太阳风动压(SWDP),日侧磁层顶被压缩至地球同步轨道(6.6个地球半径)以下并持续了约6小时。巨大的压缩力还将弓形激波在几分钟内也推至地球同步轨道以下。磁流体动力学模型表明,磁层顶位置可能低至3.3个地球半径。我们发现,在一次超致密行星际日冕物质抛射期间,持续409分钟的高太阳风动压(≥15纳帕)与强烈的向东行星际电场(IEF≥2.5毫伏/米)的独特组合,是导致更靠近地球处出现强烈环电流并引发如此强烈风暴的关键因素。严重的电动力学扰动引发了强烈的正电离层风暴,日侧电离层总电子含量(TEC)增加超过100%,影响了全球定位系统(GPS)的定位/导航。此外,由于此次风暴前一次太阳耀斑导致的D层和E层强烈电离,在2 - 12兆赫频段发现了高频无线电中断现象。

https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/5d14/11602687/e06583563298/SWE-22-0-g005.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/5d14/11602687/2b06f0b4746b/SWE-22-0-g008.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/5d14/11602687/a8cc8b1e3205/SWE-22-0-g002.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/5d14/11602687/e30fb75aaf54/SWE-22-0-g001.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/5d14/11602687/f578b9e43336/SWE-22-0-g006.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/5d14/11602687/6f7dc7caba6a/SWE-22-0-g009.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/5d14/11602687/2d80cc108194/SWE-22-0-g003.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/5d14/11602687/7671296c90e8/SWE-22-0-g004.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/5d14/11602687/163a117ac981/SWE-22-0-g007.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/5d14/11602687/e06583563298/SWE-22-0-g005.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/5d14/11602687/2b06f0b4746b/SWE-22-0-g008.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/5d14/11602687/a8cc8b1e3205/SWE-22-0-g002.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/5d14/11602687/e30fb75aaf54/SWE-22-0-g001.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/5d14/11602687/f578b9e43336/SWE-22-0-g006.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/5d14/11602687/6f7dc7caba6a/SWE-22-0-g009.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/5d14/11602687/2d80cc108194/SWE-22-0-g003.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/5d14/11602687/7671296c90e8/SWE-22-0-g004.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/5d14/11602687/163a117ac981/SWE-22-0-g007.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/5d14/11602687/e06583563298/SWE-22-0-g005.jpg

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