Zhang Xinlong, You Wulin, Wang Yuntao, Dejenie Rebeka, Wang Chenhao, Huang Yan, Li Jingjing
Affiliated Hospital of Shandong Second Medical University,School of Clinical Medicine, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China.
Jinming Yu Academician Workstation of Oncology, Shandong Second Medical University, Shandong, China.
Front Immunol. 2024 Nov 15;15:1499700. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1499700. eCollection 2024.
Retinoblastoma is the most common type of eye tumor in infants and children. Current treatments for retinoblastoma include intravenous chemotherapy, intra-arterial chemotherapy, intravitreal chemotherapy, cryotherapy, radiotherapy, and surgery. However, these treatments come accompanied by adverse effects such as the toxic side effects of chemotherapeutic drugs, post-operative complications including blindness after surgery, or other complications caused by radiotherapy. Immunotherapy is more promising for its low toxicity on normal cells and effectively improves the quality of life of patients. Disialoganglioside (GD2), a sphingolipid expressed on the surface of retinoblastoma, is a potential therapeutic target for retinoblastoma. We summarized immunotherapeutic approaches for both preclinical studies and clinical trials of GD2. An anti-GD2 monoclonal antibody (Dinutuximab), which has been approved for the treatment of high-risk neuroblastomas, has shown promising efficacy in improving patients' prognosis. Additionally, chimeric antigen receptors (CAR)-T therapy, GD2 vaccines and nanoparticles are also potential therapeutics. Finally, we discuss the prospects and current limitations of these immunotherapeutic approaches for treating retinoblastoma, as well as how to address these problems.
视网膜母细胞瘤是婴幼儿最常见的眼部肿瘤类型。目前视网膜母细胞瘤的治疗方法包括静脉化疗、动脉内化疗、玻璃体内化疗、冷冻疗法、放射疗法和手术。然而，这些治疗伴随着一些不良反应，如化疗药物的毒性副作用、术后并发症（包括手术后失明）或放射疗法引起的其他并发症。免疫疗法因其对正常细胞毒性低且能有效提高患者生活质量而更具前景。双唾液酸神经节苷脂（GD2）是一种在视网膜母细胞瘤表面表达的鞘脂，是视网膜母细胞瘤潜在的治疗靶点。我们总结了针对GD2的临床前研究和临床试验的免疫治疗方法。一种已被批准用于治疗高危神经母细胞瘤的抗GD2单克隆抗体（迪努图希单抗），在改善患者预后方面显示出了有前景的疗效。此外，嵌合抗原受体（CAR）-T疗法、GD2疫苗和纳米颗粒也是潜在的治疗方法。最后，我们讨论了这些免疫治疗方法在治疗视网膜母细胞瘤方面的前景和当前局限性，以及如何解决这些问题。
