Asare Kwame Kumi, Kwapong Sebastian Shine, Tey Prosper, Sackey Vincent, Nuvor Samuel Victor, Amoah Linda Eva
Biomedical and Clinical Research Centre, College of Allied Health Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana.
Department of Biomedical Science, School of Allied Health Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana.
BMC Infect Dis. 2024 Dec 2;24(1):1374. doi: 10.1186/s12879-024-10248-9.
Malaria, a widespread tropical disease, remains a significant global health issue, resulting in numerous deaths each year. In Ghana, malaria is a leading cause of illness, contributing to a large proportion of hospital outpatient visits. The study assessed the pattern of malaria and vector IgG antibody levels among suspected malaria patients seeking healthcare at selected health facilities across Ghana.
Samples from a total of 823 participants aged 1 to 85 years with clinical malaria from the ten regions of Ghana were recruited into the study. Archived plasma obtained from each participant was used to assess antibody responses against MSP1 (19 k), MSP2 (FC27 & 3D7), MSP3, gSG6-P1, and GLURP-RO using ELISA. The data were categorized according to study site, age group, gender, and diagnostic tests. Data were analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis's statistics. The statistical significance was assessed at 0.05.
The mean ± standard error of the mean (S.E) of MSP3 IgG concentration for the different age groups were 16, 847 ± 3, 031 ng/mL for 0-4 years, 18, 973 ± 4,357 ng/mL for 5-10 years, 25,961 ± 5,436 ng/mL for 11-15 years and 76, 244 ± 8, 209 ng/mL for ≥ 16 years. A significant (Kruskal-Wallis statistic = 122.6, p < 0.0001) increase in P. falciparum MSP 3 (p < 0.0001) and gSG6-P1(p < 0.0001) IgG concentration was observed with increasing age categories. There were significant differences in antibody responses against MSP2 (FC27) IgG (Kruskal-Wallis statistic = 29.63, p = 0.0005), MSP3 IgG (Kruskal-Wallis statistic = 32.53, p = 0.0002), GLURP-RO IgG (Kruskal-Wallis statistic = 52.8, p < 0.0001) and gSG6-P1 IgG (Kruskal-Wallis statistic = 152.8, p < 0.0001) across the study regions.
The study reveals that IgG against merozoite surface proteins MSP3, GLURP-RO, and gSG6-P1 but not MSP1 and MSP2 antibodies increase with age. The mean IgG antibody concentrations varied in the selected regions of Ghana. A longitudinal study where confounding factors are controlled for is recommended to provide insights into the development of immunity and antibody efficacy, and to enhance the effectiveness of malaria prevention efforts in Ghana. This will help improve the overall understanding of malaria transmission.
疟疾是一种广泛传播的热带疾病，仍然是一个重大的全球健康问题，每年导致众多人死亡。在加纳，疟疾是疾病的主要病因，占医院门诊就诊人数的很大比例。该研究评估了加纳各地选定医疗机构中寻求医疗服务的疑似疟疾患者的疟疾模式和媒介IgG抗体水平。
从加纳十个地区共823名年龄在1至85岁、患有临床疟疾的参与者中采集样本纳入研究。使用酶联免疫吸附测定（ELISA）法，利用从每个参与者身上获取的存档血浆评估针对裂殖子表面蛋白1（19k）、裂殖子表面蛋白2（FC27和3D7）、裂殖子表面蛋白3、富含半胱氨酸的糖蛋白6 - P1（gSG6 - P1）和谷氨酸富蛋白 - RO（GLURP - RO）的抗体反应。数据根据研究地点、年龄组、性别和诊断测试进行分类。使用克鲁斯卡尔 - 沃利斯统计量分析数据。统计学显著性评估为0.05。
不同年龄组的裂殖子表面蛋白3 IgG浓度的均值±标准误（S.E）分别为：0至4岁组为16,847±3,031 ng/mL，5至10岁组为18,973±4,357 ng/mL，11至15岁组为25,961±5,436 ng/mL，≥16岁组为76,244±8,209 ng/mL。随着年龄组的增加，恶性疟原虫裂殖子表面蛋白3（p<0.0001）和gSG6 - P1（p<0.0001）的IgG浓度显著增加（克鲁斯卡尔 - 沃利斯统计量 = 122.6，p<0.0001）。在不同研究地区，针对裂殖子表面蛋白2（FC27）IgG（克鲁斯卡尔 - 沃利斯统计量 = 29.63，p = 0.0005）、裂殖子表面蛋白3 IgG（克鲁斯卡尔 - 沃利斯统计量 = 32.53，p = 0.0002）、谷氨酸富蛋白 - RO IgG（克鲁斯卡尔 - 沃利斯统计量 = 52.8，p<0.0001）和gSG6 - P1 IgG（克鲁斯卡尔 - 沃利斯统计量 = 152.8，p<0.0001）的抗体反应存在显著差异。
该研究表明，针对裂殖子表面蛋白MSP3、GLURP - RO和gSG6 - P1的IgG抗体水平随年龄增长而增加，而针对MSP1和MSP2的抗体则不然。加纳选定地区的平均IgG抗体浓度各不相同。建议开展一项控制混杂因素的纵向研究，以深入了解免疫力的发展和抗体效力，并提高加纳疟疾预防工作的有效性。这将有助于增进对疟疾传播的全面理解。
