Zhang Y, Zang C, Pan X, Gong M, Liu H
Digestive Disease Hospital of Shandong First Medical University; Shandong Institute of Parasitic Diseases; Shandong First Medical University (Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences), Jining, Shandong 272033, China.
Zhongguo Xue Xi Chong Bing Fang Zhi Za Zhi. 2024 Oct 24;36(5):466-473. doi: 10.16250/j.32.1915.2024119.
To understand the genetic basis of the adaptation of to different environmental ecology in Jining City, Shandong Province, so as to provide insights into understanding of the population structure or isolation pattern of in the city.
Seven sampling sites were selected from urban, suburban and rural areas of Jining City, Shandong Province from June to August 2023, and mosquitoes were collected using mosquito-trapping lamps. All collected adult mosquitoes were identified morphologically. Genomic DNA was extracted from a single female mosquito, and the mitochondrial cytochrome C oxidase I () gene was amplified using a PCR assay, sequenced and subjected to molecular identification. The number of haplotypes, haplotype diversity (), nucleotide diversity (), and average number of nucleotide differences () of DNA sequences were estimated among different sampling sites using the software DnaSP 6, and a neutrality test was performed. The fixation index (), and gene flow (number of migrants, ) of populations were calculated using the software Arlequin 3.5.2, and subjected to analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA). In addition, a haplotype network diagrams and a phylogenetic tree of populations were created using the software PopART and MEGA 11, respectively.
A total of 420 sequences were successfully amplified from the gene of samples collected from 7 sampling sites in Jining City, and a gene fragment sequence with a length of 603 bp was obtained, with 55 variable sites and 46 haplotypes and without insertion or deletion mutations. Of the 46 haplotypes, H01 was the dominant shared haplotype, and the haplotype frequency increased gradually from urban areas (34.00%) to rural areas (47.00%). The mean , and values of genes were 0.814, 0.024 and 14.129, 0.489, 0.016 and 7.941 and 0.641, 0.016 and 10.393 in suburban, urban, and rural areas, respectively, with the highest population diversity of in suburban areas and the lowest in urban areas. Paired analysis among different types of sampling sites showed that the mean value was 0.029 between urban and suburban areas, indicating more frequent inter-population communication. AMOVA revealed that the percentage of intra-population variation (95.74%) was higher than that of inter-population variation (4.26%). Neutrality tests showed deviation from neutrality in populations collected from Nanyang Township (Tajima's = 2.793, Fu's = 6.429, both values < 0.05). In addition, the mismatch distribution curves of gene appeared bimodal or multimodal patterns in Jining City, indicating a relatively stable overall population size.
The mitochondrial gene may be used as a molecular marker to investigate the population genetic diversity of . The population genetic diversity of is higher in the suburban areas of Jining City than in rural and urban areas, and there are frequent genetic exchanges between populations from urban and suburban areas.
了解山东省济宁市蚊虫对不同环境生态的适应遗传基础，为认识该市蚊虫种群结构或隔离模式提供见解。
2023年6月至8月，从山东省济宁市的城市、郊区和农村地区选取7个采样点，使用诱蚊灯收集蚊虫。所有采集的成年蚊虫进行形态学鉴定。从单只雌性蚊虫中提取基因组DNA，采用PCR法扩增线粒体细胞色素C氧化酶I（COI）基因，进行测序并进行分子鉴定。使用DnaSP 6软件估计不同采样点间COI基因序列的单倍型数、单倍型多样性（Hd）、核苷酸多样性（π）和平均核苷酸差异数（k），并进行中性检验。使用Arlequin 3.5.2软件计算蚊虫种群的固定指数（Fst）和基因流（迁移数，Nm），并进行分子方差分析（AMOVA）。此外，分别使用PopART软件和MEGA 11软件构建蚊虫种群的单倍型网络图和系统发育树。
从济宁市7个采样点采集的蚊虫样本的COI基因中成功扩增出420条序列，获得长度为603 bp的基因片段序列，有55个可变位点，46个单倍型，无插入或缺失突变。46个单倍型中，H01是优势共享单倍型，单倍型频率从城市地区（34.00%）到农村地区（47.00%）逐渐增加。COI基因在郊区、城市和农村地区的平均Hd值分别为0.814、0.024和14.129，π值分别为0.489、0.016和7.941，k值分别为0.641、0.016和10.393，其中郊区蚊虫种群多样性最高，城市最低。不同类型采样点间的配对Fst分析表明，城市和郊区之间的平均Fst值为0.029，表明种群间交流更频繁。AMOVA显示，种群内变异百分比（95.74%）高于种群间变异百分比（4.26%）。中性检验表明，从南阳镇采集的蚊虫种群偏离中性（Tajima's D = 2.793，Fu's Fs = 6.429，两个P值<0.0
