Carere Joseph, Leggett Benjamin, Galarneau Jean-Michel, Galea Olivia, Eliason Paul H, Brassard Patrice, Doyle-Baker Patricia K, Debert Chantel T, Schneider Kathryn J, Yeates Keith O, D Smirl Jonathan, Emery Carolyn A
Sport Injury Prevention Research Centre, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
Cerebrovascular Concussion Laboratory, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
Ann Med. 2024 Dec;56(1):2398718. doi: 10.1080/07853890.2024.2398718. Epub 2024 Dec 3.
Little is known regarding long-term consequences (≥5 years) of sport-related concussion (SRC) sustained during adolescence. Adolescent SRC has been linked to athlete considerations of sport participation and subsequent retirement from sport during this critical developmental period. Prolonged SRC symptoms can reduce ability to perform physical activity, and research suggests inactivity can extend years post-injury. Therefore, SRC may affect long-term physical activity, which may result in decreased cardiorespiratory fitness and increased adiposity.
(1) To examine cardiorespiratory fitness, adiposity and associations with physical activity between three groups: adolescent SRC 5-15 years prior; adolescent musculoskeletal injury (MSK) 5-15 years prior; and individuals who played adolescent sport but were uninjured. (2) To explore whether biological sex-modified relationships assessed by the primary objective.
Young adults (16-33 years old) who sustained SRC ( = 54) or MSK ( = 52) during adolescent sport and uninjured individuals ( = 50) were recruited ( = 156) from previous Sport Injury Prevention Research Centre studies and word-of-mouth. Participants completed a cycle-ergometer maximal exertion test, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry scanning, and wore actigraphs for 1-week post-testing. Outcome measures of cardiorespiratory fitness [peak oxygen consumption (VO[ml/min])] and adiposity [fat mass index (FMI)] were examined in relation to cohort, sex, time since injury, lean mass index and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity [daily MVPA (min)] multiple linear regression.
In relation to the uninjured cohort, MSK (mean difference = 297.14 ml/min; β = 2.88; 95%CI: 0.99-4.76, = 0.003) and SRC (mean difference = 268.01 ml/min; β = 2.61; 95%CI: 0.77-4.44, = 0.006) cohorts demonstrated higher VO and this did not differ based on biological sex. FMI did not differ for MSK (mean difference= -0.10 kg/m; β= -0.02; 95%CI: -0.22-0.18, = 0.847) or SRC (mean difference=-0.22 kg/m; β= -0.05; 95%CI: -0.24-0.15, = 0.642) cohorts relative to the uninjured cohort for both males and females.
It is possible to maintain adequate long-term cardiorespiratory fitness and adiposity following adolescent SRC relative to those who only sustained sport related MSK injuries or did not sustain significant injuries as adolescents/adults.
对于青少年时期发生的与运动相关的脑震荡（SRC）的长期后果（≥5年），人们了解甚少。青少年SRC与运动员在此关键发育阶段对运动参与的考量以及随后退出运动有关。SRC症状持续时间延长会降低进行体育活动的能力，并且研究表明受伤后缺乏运动可能会持续数年。因此，SRC可能会影响长期的体育活动，这可能导致心肺适能下降和肥胖增加。
（1）比较三组人群的心肺适能、肥胖情况以及与体育活动的关联：5 - 15年前发生青少年SRC的人群；5 - 15年前发生青少年肌肉骨骼损伤（MSK）的人群；以及曾参与青少年体育运动但未受伤的个体。（2）探讨主要目标评估的生物学性别修正关系。
从先前的运动损伤预防研究中心研究及口碑相传中招募了在青少年时期运动时发生SRC（n = 54）或MSK（n = 52）的年轻人（16 - 33岁）以及未受伤个体（n = 50）（n = 156）。参与者完成了一次蹬车测力计最大运动测试、双能X线吸收法扫描，并在测试后佩戴活动记录仪1周。通过多线性回归分析，研究心肺适能[峰值耗氧量（VO₂[ml/min]）]和肥胖情况[脂肪量指数（FMI）]与队列、性别、受伤后的时间、瘦体重指数以及中度至剧烈体育活动[每日中度至剧烈身体活动（分钟）]之间的关系。
与未受伤队列相比，MSK队列（平均差异=297.14 ml/min；β = 2.88；95%置信区间：0.99 - 4.76，p = 0.003）和SRC队列（平均差异=268.01 ml/min；β = 2.61；95%置信区间：0.77 - 4.44，p = 0.006）的VO₂较高，且这在生物学性别上无差异。与未受伤队列相比，MSK队列（平均差异=-0.10 kg/m²；β=-0.02；95%置信区间：-
