Overgaard Kristin Romvig, Oerbeck Beate, Friis Svein, Pripp Are Hugo, Aase Heidi, Ingeborgrud Christine Baalsrud, Biele Guido
Oslo University Hospital, Norway.
University of Oslo, Norway.
J Atten Disord. 2025 Feb;29(3):220-230. doi: 10.1177/10870547241301179. Epub 2024 Dec 3.
OBJECTIVE: Children with ADHD often experience functional impairments across various aspects of daily life. This study addresses the dearth of longitudinal research on functional impairment trajectories from preschool to school age in children with symptoms of ADHD and comorbid disorders. METHODS: We investigated the extent to which functional impairments were associated with ADHD symptoms, along with behavioral and anxiety symptoms, from age 3.5 to 8 years. Utilizing parent- and teacher-reported data, we analyzed associations between global impairment, and dimension scores (e.g., family; child quality of life (QoL); learning; play/leisure activities; and friends) and symptoms at ages 3.5 and 8 years ( = 783). RESULTS: The mean parent global impairment score increased from 0.31 (standard deviation () = 0.40) to 0.83 ( = 0.63) from 3.5 to 8 years, while the teacher impairment scores slightly decreased. Specific parent impairment dimension scores, particularly QoL, learning, and friends, significantly increased. Preschool ADHD and comorbid behavioral symptoms reported by parents weakly predicted impairment at 8 years. By age 8 years, impairment and symptoms exhibited moderate to strong correlations for all impairment dimensions. Parents reported greater child impairment during school age across settings compared to preschool, while teachers' impairment profiles remained consistent across ages. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that parents perceive impairment as more pronounced at age 8 years and more strongly associated with symptoms of both ADHD and comorbid disorders than at age 3.5 years. Notably, for teachers, a robust correlation between inattention symptoms and learning impairment was observed, with substantially higher impairment scores reported for boys compared to girls.
目的:患有注意力缺陷多动障碍(ADHD)的儿童在日常生活的各个方面经常经历功能损害。本研究旨在解决目前缺乏关于ADHD症状和共病障碍儿童从学龄前到学龄期功能损害轨迹的纵向研究这一问题。 方法:我们调查了从3.5岁到8岁期间,功能损害与ADHD症状以及行为和焦虑症状之间的关联程度。利用家长和教师报告的数据,我们分析了总体损害以及维度分数(例如,家庭;儿童生活质量(QoL);学习;玩耍/休闲活动;以及朋友)与3.5岁和8岁时症状之间的关联(n = 783)。 结果:从3.5岁到8岁,家长总体损害评分均值从0.31(标准差(SD)= 0.40)增至0.83(SD = 0.63),而教师损害评分略有下降。特定的家长损害维度分数,尤其是生活质量、学习和朋友方面的分数显著增加。家长报告的学龄前ADHD和共病行为症状对8岁时的损害预测作用较弱。到8岁时,所有损害维度的损害与症状之间均呈现中度到强的相关性。与学龄前相比,家长报告学龄期儿童在所有场景下的损害更大,而教师的损害概况在各年龄段保持一致。 结论:这些发现表明,家长认为8岁时的损害比3.5岁时更为明显,且与ADHD和共病障碍的症状关联更强。值得注意的是,对于教师而言,观察到注意力不集中症状与学习损害之间存在强相关性,且男孩的损害评分显著高于女孩。
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