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结直肠手术中使用强化康复方案是否增加了术后出血并发症?

Has the Use of Enhanced Recovery Protocols in Colorectal Surgery Increased Postoperative Bleeding Complications?

作者信息

Aviran Eyal, Assaf Dan, Zaghiyan Karen N, Fleshner Phillip

机构信息

Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California.

Department of General and Oncological Surgery-Surgery C, The Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel.

出版信息

Dis Colon Rectum. 2025 Mar 1;68(3):366-372. doi: 10.1097/DCR.0000000000003581. Epub 2024 Dec 3.

DOI:10.1097/DCR.0000000000003581
PMID:39625405
Abstract

BACKGROUND

Enhanced recovery after surgery protocols are multimodal perioperative care pathways shown to improve postoperative complications and decrease the length of stay after surgery. A critical component of an enhanced recovery after surgery protocol is the use of multimodal nonopiate analgesia using nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors.

OBJECTIVE

To compare the incidence of postoperative GI bleeding between patients treated with and without an enhanced recovery after surgery protocol.

DESIGN

Retrospective review of a prospectively maintained colorectal registry.

SETTINGS

Large colorectal referral center.

PATIENTS

Preoperative elective colorectal surgery requiring an anastomosis.

INTERVENTION

Standardized enhanced recovery after surgery protocol included celecoxib and ketorolac.

MAIN OUTCOME

Postoperative outcomes included bleeding (±sequelae), reduction in hematocrit after the operation, intervention for bleeding (transfusion, endoscopy, or surgery), length of stay, and hospital readmission.

RESULTS

The enhanced recovery after surgery group (n = 630) and nonenhanced recovery after surgery group (n = 739) were comparable in baseline clinical features except for surgical indication, with more IBD and less malignant disease in the enhanced recovery after surgery group. Minimally invasive surgery was more commonly performed in the enhanced recovery after surgery group. Both bleeding with sequelae ( p < 0.0001) and bleeding without sequelae ( p = 0.0004) were significantly more common in the enhanced recovery after surgery group compared to the nonenhanced recovery after surgery group. In addition, a significantly larger hematocrit decline after the operation was noted in the enhanced recovery after surgery group ( p < 0.0001). However, both the need for transfusion and intervention for bleeding did not significantly differ between patient groups. Factors associated with bleeding were the use of an enhanced recovery after surgery protocol (OR 2.96; 95% CI, 1.57-5.58; p < 0.001) and performing a small to large bowel anastomosis (OR 2.68; 95% CI, 1.49-4.81; p < 0.001).

LIMITATIONS

Retrospective observational design and inability to determine which component of the enhanced recovery after surgery protocol increased the risk of bleeding.

CONCLUSIONS

Use of an enhanced recovery after surgery protocol in patients undergoing colorectal surgery with an anastomosis is associated with an increased incidence of bleeding without significant difference in the need for transfusion or intervention. See Video Abstract .

EL USO DE PROTOCOLOS DE RECUPERACIN MEJORADA EN CIRUGA COLORRECTAL HA AUMENTADO LAS COMPLICACIONES HEMORRGICAS POSTOPERATORIAS

ANTECEDENTES:Los protocolos de recuperación mejorada después de la cirugía (ERAS) son vías de atención perioperatoria multimodal que han demostrado mejorar las complicaciones posoperatorias y disminuir la duración de la estancia después de la cirugía. Un componente crítico de un protocolo ERAS es el uso de analgesia multimodal no opiácea mediante fármacos antiinflamatorios no esteroideos e inhibidores de la COX-2.OBJETIVO:Comparar la incidencia de sangrado gastrointestinal posoperatorio entre pacientes tratados con y sin un protocolo ERAS.DISEÑO:Revisión retrospectiva de un registro colorrectal prospectivo mantenido.ESCENARIO:Centro de referencia colorrectal grande.PACIENTES:Cirugía colorrectal electiva preoperatoria que requiere una anastomosis.INTERVENCIÓN:El protocolo ERAS estandarizado incluyó celecoxib y ketorolaco.RESULTADO PRINCIPAL:Los resultados posoperatorios incluyeron sangrado (+/- secuelas), reducción del hematocrito después de la operación, intervención para el sangrado (transfusión, endoscopia o cirugía), duración de la estancia hospitalaria y reingreso hospitalario.RESULTADOS:El grupo ERAS (n = 630) y los grupos no ERAS (n = 739) fueron comparables en las características clínicas iniciales excepto por la indicación quirúrgica, con más enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal y menos enfermedad maligna en el grupo ERAS (Tabla 1). La cirugía mínimamente invasiva se realizó con mayor frecuencia en el grupo ERAS. Tanto el sangrado con secuelas ( p < 0,0001) como el sangrado sin secuelas ( p = 0,0004) fueron significativamente más comunes en el grupo ERAS en comparación con el grupo no ERAS. Además, se observó una disminución significativamente mayor del hematocrito después de la operación en el grupo ERAS ( p < 0,0001). Sin embargo, tanto la necesidad de transfusión como la intervención por sangrado no difirieron significativamente entre los grupos de pacientes. Los factores asociados con el sangrado fueron el uso de un protocolo ERAS (OR=2,96; IC del 95% 1,57-5,58; p < 0,001) y la realización de una anastomosis de intestino delgado a grueso (OR= 2,68; IC del 95% 1,49-4,81; p < 0,001).LIMITACIÓN:Diseño observacional retrospectivo e imposibilidad de determinar qué componente del protocolo ERAS causó el sangrado.CONCLUSIÓN:El uso de un protocolo ERAS en pacientes sometidos a cirugía colorrectal con anastomosis se asocia con una mayor incidencia de sangrado sin diferencia significativa en la necesidad de transfusión o intervención. (Traducción-Dr Yolanda Colorado ).

摘要

背景

术后加速康复方案是多模式围手术期护理路径,已被证明可改善术后并发症并缩短术后住院时间。术后加速康复方案的一个关键组成部分是使用非甾体抗炎药和环氧化酶 -2 抑制剂进行多模式非阿片类镇痛。

目的

比较接受和未接受术后加速康复方案治疗的患者术后胃肠道出血的发生率。

设计

对前瞻性维护的结直肠登记处进行回顾性审查。

地点

大型结直肠转诊中心。

患者

需要进行吻合术的术前择期结直肠手术患者。

干预措施

标准化的术后加速康复方案包括塞来昔布和酮咯酸。

主要结果

术后结果包括出血(±后遗症)、术后血细胞比容降低、出血干预(输血、内镜检查或手术)、住院时间和再次入院。

结果

术后加速康复组(n = 630)和非术后加速康复组(n = 739)除手术指征外,基线临床特征具有可比性,术后加速康复组中炎症性肠病较多,恶性疾病较少。术后加速康复组更常进行微创手术。与非术后加速康复组相比,术后加速康复组有后遗症的出血(p < 0.0001)和无后遗症的出血(p = 0.0004)均明显更常见。此外,术后加速康复组术后血细胞比容下降明显更大(p < 0.0001)。然而,两组患者的输血需求和出血干预并无显著差异。与出血相关的因素是使用术后加速康复方案(OR 2.96;95% CI,1.57 - 5.58;p < 0.001)和进行小肠到大肠的吻合术(OR 2.68;95% CI,1.49 - 4.81;p < 0.00

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