Tan Peiying, Shen Xiaolin, Zeng Lizhang, Weng Xuchu, Geng Hongyan
Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences, Ministry of Education, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China.
Institute for Brain Research and Rehabilitation, and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China.
J Zhejiang Univ Sci B. 2024 Nov 15;25(11):956-971. doi: 10.1631/jzus.B2300864.
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a range of neurodevelopmental diseases characterized by social dysfunction and stereotypic behaviors. The etiology of ASD remains largely unexplored, resulting in a diverse array of described clinical manifestations and varying degrees of severity. Currently, there are no drugs approved by a supervisory organization that can effectively treat the core symptoms of ASD. Childhood and adolescence are crucial stages for making significant achievements in ASD treatment, necessitating the development of drugs specifically for these periods. Based on the drug targets and mechanisms of action, it can be found that atypical psychotropic medications, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant medications, hormonal medications, ion channel medications, and gastrointestinal medications have shown significant improvement in treating the core symptoms of ASD in both children and adolescents. In addition, comparisons of drugs within the same category regarding efficacy and safety have been made to identify better alternatives and promote drug development. While further evaluation of the effectiveness and safety of these medications is needed, they hold great potential for widespread application in the clinical treatment of the principal symptoms of ASD.
自闭症谱系障碍（ASD）是一系列以社交功能障碍和刻板行为为特征的神经发育疾病。ASD的病因在很大程度上仍未得到探索，导致出现了各种各样描述的临床表现和不同程度的严重程度。目前，没有监管机构批准的药物能够有效治疗ASD的核心症状。儿童期和青少年期是ASD治疗取得重大进展的关键阶段，因此有必要开发专门针对这些时期的药物。基于药物靶点和作用机制，可以发现非典型精神药物、抗炎和抗氧化药物、激素药物、离子通道药物以及胃肠道药物在治疗儿童和青少年ASD核心症状方面均显示出显著改善。此外，还对同一类药物的疗效和安全性进行了比较，以确定更好的替代药物并促进药物开发。虽然需要对这些药物的有效性和安全性进行进一步评估，但它们在ASD主要症状的临床治疗中具有广泛应用的巨大潜力。
