Solera Kleber, de Freitas Franciele, Lopes Vinicius José Santos, Machado Gleyce Alves, de Andrade Ricardo Lopes Tortorela, Battirola Leandro Dênis
Institute of Natural, Human and Social Sciences, Postgraduate Program in Biotechnology and Biodiversity-Pró-Centro-Oeste, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Av. Alexandre Ferronato, 1.200, Sinop, Mato Grosso, 78557-267, Brazil.
University Campus of Sinop, Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Av. Alexandre Ferronato, 1.200, Sinop, Mato Grosso, 78557-267, Brazil.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2024 Dec;31(58):66422-66434. doi: 10.1007/s11356-024-35574-y. Epub 2024 Dec 4.
Artisanal and small-scale gold mining (MAPEOs) are considered to be one of the main sources of mercury release into the environment. Considering the gold mining activities, this study evaluated the Hg concentration in 27 apiaries (Apis spp.) in the South of the Legal Amazon, Mato Grosso State, Brazil. A total of 243 samples distributed in 81 samples of bees, 81 beeswax, and 81 of honeys, collected between the months of July and November 2022, were analyzed. One bee sample showed Hg concentration above the limit of quantification (68.8 ng g), 27 samples were between the limit of detection and limit of quantification (15 samples of bees, 8 of wax and 4 of honey). In all study areas, trace levels of Hg concentration were detected, 12 near MAPEOs areas and 16 near crop areas. It recorded that the honeys analyzed in this study in Mato Grosso are not contaminated by Hg, not offering any risk to consumers of the product. It is noteworthy that the use of bioindicator tools such as bees, beeswax, and honey is effective in relation to Hg monitoring in apiaries. It can also infer that the implementation of beekeeping in areas that will go through experience the process of environmental recovery, after the mining exploitation, is feasible, in line with permanent biomonitoring of the region.
个体和小规模金矿开采（手工和小规模采金作业）被认为是汞释放到环境中的主要来源之一。考虑到金矿开采活动，本研究评估了巴西马托格罗索州法定亚马逊南部27个蜂场（蜜蜂属）中的汞浓度。对2022年7月至11月期间采集的总共243个样本进行了分析，这些样本分布在81个蜜蜂样本、81个蜂蜡样本和81个蜂蜜样本中。一个蜜蜂样本的汞浓度高于定量限（68.8纳克/克），27个样本在检测限和定量限之间（15个蜜蜂样本、8个蜂蜡样本和4个蜂蜜样本）。在所有研究区域都检测到了痕量汞浓度，12个靠近手工和小规模采金作业区域，16个靠近农作物区域。记录显示，本研究中在马托格罗索分析的蜂蜜未受到汞污染，对该产品的消费者不构成任何风险。值得注意的是，使用蜜蜂、蜂蜡和蜂蜜等生物指示工具对于蜂场中的汞监测是有效的。还可以推断，在采矿开采后将经历环境恢复过程的地区开展养蜂活动并对该地区进行长期生物监测是可行的。
