Patel Paridhi, Bello Dhimiter, Bello Anila
Department of Public Health, Zuckerberg College of Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, Massachusetts, USA.
Department of Biomedical and Nutritional Sciences, Zuckerberg College of Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, Massachusetts, USA.
Am J Ind Med. 2025 Mar;68 Suppl 1(Suppl 1):S23-S44. doi: 10.1002/ajim.23677. Epub 2024 Dec 3.
Occupational exposure as a painter was classified by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) as a Group 1 carcinogen (carcinogenic to humans) in 1989. Chemical agents responsible for cancers and other illnesses among industrial painters are not well-documented. The goal of this systematic review and synthesis was to document the chemistries of metal structure coating systems, summarize data gaps on occupational exposures and health effects among painters, and identify and prioritize hazardous chemicals to guide future exposure and occupational health studies, and ultimately disease prevention efforts.
We reviewed coating products approved by the Northeast Protective Coating Committee (NEPCOAT) for use in steel bridges in New England, with a special focus on Part B of these reactive chemical systems, and related literature on exposures and health effects.
From the review of safety datasheets (SDS), we identified 61 unique CAS numbers belonging to different Part B chemical groups of isocyanate- and epoxy-based formulations, including amine hardeners, solvents, nanomaterials, and other additives. The list of identified ingredients contained 14 potent sensitizers, two IARC Group 1 known carcinogens, and 7 IARC Group 2B possible carcinogens. Cancers of the lungs, urinary bladder, liver, kidneys, and gastrointestinal system, allergic contact dermatitis, lung fibrosis, and asthma were some possible disease endpoints. Existing occupational exposure studies focused on solvent exposures, while exposure and biomonitoring studies of amine hardeners and other ingredients of concern in these formulations are lacking.
The list of chemicals of concern identified here, including sensitizers and carcinogens, can serve as a basis for analytical method development and field exposure assessment studies. A national multi-pronged strategy to reduce chemical exposures and health risks among construction painters is warranted, including research on exposure monitoring and reduction efforts, longitudinal epidemiological studies, and product reformulation.
1989年，国际癌症研究机构（IARC）将油漆工的职业暴露归类为1类致癌物（对人类致癌）。工业油漆工中导致癌症和其他疾病的化学物质尚未得到充分记录。本系统评价和综合分析的目的是记录金属结构涂层系统的化学成分，总结油漆工职业暴露和健康影响方面的数据缺口，识别并确定有害化学物质的优先级，以指导未来的暴露和职业健康研究，最终推动疾病预防工作。
我们审查了东北防护涂层委员会（NEPCOAT）批准用于新英格兰地区钢桥的涂层产品，特别关注这些活性化学系统的B部分，以及关于暴露和健康影响的相关文献。
通过对安全数据表（SDS）的审查，我们识别出61个不同的CAS编号，它们属于异氰酸酯和环氧基配方的不同B部分化学组，包括胺类固化剂、溶剂、纳米材料和其他添加剂。所识别的成分列表包含14种强效致敏剂、2种IARC 1类已知致癌物和7种IARC 2B类可能致癌物。肺癌、膀胱癌、肝癌、肾癌和胃肠道系统癌症、过敏性接触性皮炎、肺纤维化和哮喘是一些可能的疾病终点。现有的职业暴露研究主要集中在溶剂暴露方面，而对于这些配方中胺类固化剂和其他相关成分的暴露及生物监测研究则较为缺乏。
此处确定的相关化学物质列表，包括致敏剂和致癌物，可作为分析方法开发和现场暴露评估研究的基础。有必要制定一项全国性的多管齐下战略，以降低建筑油漆工的化学暴露和健康风险，包括开展暴露监测和减少暴露的研究、纵向流行病学研究以及产品重新配方设计。
