Westbury Leo D, Durdin Ruth, Robinson Sian M, Cooper Cyrus, Cooper Rachel, Ward Kate A
MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.
NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK.
Br J Nutr. 2025 Jan 28;133(2):262-268. doi: 10.1017/S0007114524002988. Epub 2024 Dec 4.
We investigated associations between 'healthy dietary pattern' scores, at ages 36, 43, 53 and 60-64 years, and body composition at age 60-64 years among participants from the MRC National Survey of Health and Development (NSHD). Principal component analyses of dietary data (food diaries) at age 60-64 years were used to calculate diet scores (healthy dietary pattern scores) at each age. Higher scores indicated healthier diets (higher consumption of fruit, vegetables and wholegrain bread). Linear regression was used to investigate associations between diet scores at each age and height-adjusted dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry-measured fat and lean mass measures at age 60-64 years. Analyses, adjusting for sex and other potential confounders (age, smoking history, physical activity and occupational class), were implemented among 692 men and women. At age 43, 53 and 60-64 years, higher diet scores were associated with lower fat mass index (FMI) and android:gynoid fat mass ratio; for example, in fully adjusted analyses, a standard deviation (sd) increase in diet score at age 60-64 years was associated with an SD difference in mean FMI of -0·18 (95 % CI: -0·25, -0·10). In conditional analyses, higher diet scores at ages 43, 53 and 60-64 years (than expected from diet scores at younger ages) were associated with lower FMI and android:gynoid fat mass ratio in fully adjusted analyses. Diet scores at age 36 years had weaker associations with the outcomes considered. No associations regarding appendicular lean mass index were robust after full adjustment. This suggests that improvements in diet through adulthood are linked to beneficial effects on adiposity in older age.
我们在医学研究委员会全国健康与发展调查（NSHD）的参与者中，调查了36岁、43岁、53岁以及60 - 64岁时的“健康饮食模式”得分与60 - 64岁时身体成分之间的关联。利用60 - 64岁饮食数据（食物日记）的主成分分析来计算每个年龄的饮食得分（健康饮食模式得分）。得分越高表明饮食越健康（水果、蔬菜和全麦面包的摄入量越高）。采用线性回归研究每个年龄的饮食得分与60 - 64岁时经身高调整的双能X线吸收法测量的脂肪和瘦体重指标之间的关联。在692名男性和女性中进行了分析，并对性别和其他潜在混杂因素（年龄、吸烟史、身体活动和职业阶层）进行了调整。在43岁、53岁以及60 - 64岁时，较高的饮食得分与较低的脂肪质量指数（FMI）以及 android:gynoid 脂肪质量比相关；例如，在完全调整分析中，60 - 64岁时饮食得分增加一个标准差（sd）与平均FMI的标准差差异为 -0·18（95%可信区间：-0·25，-0·10）。在条件分析中，43岁、53岁以及60 - 64岁时较高的饮食得分（相对于较年轻年龄时的饮食得分预期）在完全调整分析中与较低的FMI以及 android:gynoid 脂肪质量比相关。36岁时的饮食得分与所考虑的结果之间的关联较弱。在完全调整后，关于四肢瘦体重指数没有稳健的关联。这表明成年期饮食的改善与老年期肥胖的有益影响相关。
