Nekola Jeffrey C, Divíšek Jan, Horsák Michal
Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, CZ-61137 Brno, Czech Republic.
iScience. 2024 Oct 28;27(12):111272. doi: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.111272. eCollection 2024 Dec 20.
Modeled modern and Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) climate ranges for 47 genetically confirmed small Holarctic land snails documented profound landscape dynamism over the last 21,000 years. Following deglaciation, range areas tended to increase by 50% while isolating barrier widths were cut in half. At the same time, the nature of isolating barriers underwent profound change, with the North American continental ice sheet becoming as important in the LGM as the Atlantic Ocean is today in separating Nearctic and Palearctic faunas. Because appropriate modern climate occurs for these species throughout the Holarctic, with no clear barriers being present-especially for such efficient passive dispersers-the current >90% turnover observed between Eurasian and North American species pools appears at least in part related to the LGM landscape. Understanding current and predicting potential future biodiversity patterns thus requires consideration of the landscape template across at least 15,000 years time scales.
对47种经基因确认的小型全北区陆地蜗牛的现代及末次盛冰期（LGM）气候范围建模，结果表明在过去21,000年里景观动态变化显著。冰消作用后，分布范围面积往往增加50%，而隔离屏障宽度减半。与此同时，隔离屏障的性质发生了深刻变化，北美大陆冰盖在末次盛冰期对分隔新北区和古北区动物群的重要性，相当于如今大西洋的重要性。由于在全北区都有适合这些物种生存的现代气候，且不存在明显屏障——尤其是对于如此高效的被动扩散者而言——目前在欧亚大陆和北美物种库之间观察到的超过90%的更替现象，似乎至少部分与末次盛冰期的景观有关。因此，要理解当前生物多样性模式并预测未来潜在模式，就需要考虑至少15,000年时间尺度上的景观模板。
