Huang Qi, Xiao Yang, Sun Peng
State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
Hebei Yancheng Food Co., Ltd., Baoding 072650, China.
Anim Nutr. 2024 Sep 16;19:70-75. doi: 10.1016/j.aninu.2024.08.003. eCollection 2024 Dec.
Heat stress poses a significant threat to the global livestock industry, particularly impacting dairy cows due to their higher metabolic heat production and increased susceptibility. The rumen microbiota plays a crucial role in regulating heat stress in dairy cows. Moreover, the rumen-mammary gland axis has been recently unveiled, indicating that rumen bacteria and their metabolites can influence mammary gland health and function. Extracellular vesicles, cell-derived vesicles, are known to carry various biomolecules and mediate intercellular communication and immune modulation. This review proposes the hypothesis that heat stress poses a threat to dairy cows via the rumen-mammary gland axis by regulating rumen microbiota and their secreted extracellular vesicles. It summarizes existing knowledge on bacterial extracellular vesicles and the rumen-mammary gland axis, suggesting that targeting the rumen microbiota and their extracellular vesicles, while enhancing mammary gland health through this axis, could be a promising strategy for preventing and alleviating heat stress in dairy cows. The aim of this review is to offer new insights and guide future research and development efforts concerning heat stress in dairy cows, thereby contributing to a deeper understanding of its pathogenesis and potential interventions.
热应激对全球畜牧业构成重大威胁，对奶牛的影响尤为显著，因为它们代谢产热更高且易感性增加。瘤胃微生物群在调节奶牛热应激方面起着关键作用。此外，瘤胃-乳腺轴最近被揭示，表明瘤胃细菌及其代谢产物可影响乳腺健康和功能。细胞外囊泡是细胞衍生的囊泡，已知其携带各种生物分子并介导细胞间通讯和免疫调节。本综述提出一个假说，即热应激通过调节瘤胃微生物群及其分泌的细胞外囊泡，经瘤胃-乳腺轴对奶牛构成威胁。它总结了关于细菌细胞外囊泡和瘤胃-乳腺轴的现有知识，表明靶向瘤胃微生物群及其细胞外囊泡，同时通过该轴增强乳腺健康，可能是预防和缓解奶牛热应激的一种有前景的策略。本综述的目的是提供新见解并指导未来关于奶牛热应激的研发工作，从而有助于更深入地了解其发病机制和潜在干预措施。
