体格检查和运动项目实施后游泳运动员肩部和腰部损伤发生率的变化
Changes in Shoulder and Lumbar Injury Incidence in Swimmers After Physical Examination and Exercise Programs.
作者信息
Takayama Hiroki, Nakamura Masatoshi, Kataura Satoshi, Kazekami Shinya, Takane Ryosuke, Mitomi Yosuke, Nakagawa Shigeto
机构信息
Department of Physical therapy Hanna Central College of Rehabilitation.
Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences Nishikyushu University.
出版信息
Int J Sports Phys Ther. 2024 Dec 1;19(12):1551-1559. doi: 10.26603/001c.126189. eCollection 2024.
BACKGROUND
Previous injury and physical examination data collected by a physiotherapist were reviewed to investigate the causes of injury among competitive swimmers. Each swimmer received an injury improvement exercise program based on their injury history and physical examination findings.
PURPOSE
The purpose of this study was to identify trends in the number of shoulder and lumbar injuries and discern the effectiveness of exercise programs in swimmers. The authors hypothesize that these efforts would decrease injury rates.
STUDY DESIGN
Observational Cohort study.
METHODS
Thirty-one male high school and college student swimmers underwent a physical examination. Previous injury was considered as pain that lasted for > three weeks or that caused the participant to stop practicing. A questionnaire was administered to all swimmers at the beginning of the study and one year later. The questionnaire assessed the number of injuries sustained and the daily practice hours over the previous year. The injury rate at the first examination and one-year followup was calculated as the number of injury incidents divided by the total number of player hours (1 h of practice is equivalent to 1) for one year, multiplied by 1,000 to obtain the injury rate per 1,000 hours (1000 player hours: 1,000 ph). Shoulder and hip exercise programs were prescribed based on measurement results and previous research.
RESULTS
The numbers of injuries seen in the group were 12 shoulder and six lumbar at the first examination, and two shoulder and one lumbar at the one-year followup. The 1,000 ph (95% confidence interval) values were 0.32 (0.13-0.50) and 0.16 (0.03-0.29) at the first examination and 0.05 (0.00-0.12) and 0.03 (0.00-0.07) at the one-year followup for the shoulder and lumbar areas, respectively.
CONCLUSIONS
The results indicates that exercise programs prescribed after a physical examination may reduce the incidence of injuries in male swimmers over the course of a year.
LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
Level 3.
背景
回顾了物理治疗师收集的既往损伤和体格检查数据，以调查竞技游泳运动员的受伤原因。根据每位游泳运动员的受伤史和体格检查结果，为其制定了损伤改善锻炼计划。
目的
本研究的目的是确定肩部和腰部损伤数量的趋势，并了解游泳运动员锻炼计划的有效性。作者假设这些措施将降低受伤率。
研究设计
观察性队列研究。
方法
31名高中和大学男游泳运动员接受了体格检查。既往损伤被定义为持续超过三周或导致参与者停止训练的疼痛。在研究开始时和一年后，对所有游泳运动员进行问卷调查。问卷评估了过去一年中受伤的次数和每日训练时长。首次检查和一年随访时的受伤率计算方法为：损伤事件数除以一年的运动员总小时数（1小时训练相当于1），再乘以1000以获得每1000小时的受伤率（1000运动员小时：1000 ph）。根据测量结果和既往研究，制定了肩部和髋部锻炼计划。
结果
首次检查时，该组肩部损伤12例，腰部损伤6例；一年随访时，肩部损伤2例，腰部损伤1例。首次检查时，肩部和腰部区域每1000小时（95%置信区间）的受伤率分别为0.32（0.13 - 0.50）和0.16（0.03 - 0.29）；一年随访时分别为0.05（0.00 - 0.12）和0.03（0.00 - 0.07）。
结论
结果表明，体格检查后制定的锻炼计划可能会在一年时间内降低男性游泳运动员的受伤发生率。
证据水平
3级。
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