Srinath Kathirvel, Kaur Ravneet, Singh Archana, Kalaivani Mani, Kant Shashi, Misra Puneet, Gupta Sanjeev K
Centre for Community Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
J Family Med Prim Care. 2024 Oct;13(10):4424-4431. doi: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_327_24. Epub 2024 Oct 18.
Anaemia is a major problem which affects half of young Indian women, impacting their health, education, and offspring. Despite ongoing efforts, a comprehensive understanding of anaemia remains limited. This study aims to assess the prevalence of anaemia among young women in rural Haryana and explore its causes comprehensively, which would help in tailoring targeted interventions for anaemia at a primary health care level.
Young, non-pregnant women aged 15-24 years (n = 422) were assessed for socio-demographic details, menstrual/diet history, and anthropometry. Dietary diversity was assessed using Minimum Dietary Diversity for Women scale. Venous haemoglobin (Hb) was estimated using an auto-analyser. Serum ferritin, folate, and vitamin B were assessed for 260 participants. Anaemia was classified based on micronutrient deficiency. The morphology of anaemia was classified based on Red Blood Cell (RBC) indices. Multivariable analysis examined associations of anaemia with socio-demographic and clinical variables.
The prevalence of anaemia was 60.7%. Among those participants tested for micronutrient deficiency (n = 260), 170 (65.4%), 48 (18.5%), and 124 (47.7%) participants had deficiency of ferritin, folate, and vitamin B, respectively. Iron deficiency anaemia (39.1%) and dimorphic anaemia (38.5%) were the two most common types of anaemia. The mixed morphology of RBCs was the most common morphology (41.8%). Almost all participants (98.2%) had inadequate dietary diversity. Being overweight was associated with lesser odds of having anaemia [OR = 0.41; 95% CI: 0.24 - 0.71 ( = 0.01)].
The high magnitude of anaemia is high, and there is a need for nutrition-based interventions for anaemia at a primary health care level among young women in rural India.
贫血是一个重大问题，影响着半数印度年轻女性，对她们的健康、教育及后代产生影响。尽管一直在努力，但对贫血的全面了解仍然有限。本研究旨在评估哈里亚纳邦农村年轻女性中的贫血患病率，并全面探究其病因，这将有助于在初级卫生保健层面制定针对性的贫血干预措施。
对年龄在15至24岁的年轻非孕女性（n = 422）进行社会人口学细节、月经/饮食史及人体测量评估。使用女性最低饮食多样性量表评估饮食多样性。采用自动分析仪测定静脉血红蛋白（Hb）。对260名参与者进行血清铁蛋白、叶酸和维生素B评估。根据微量营养素缺乏情况对贫血进行分类。根据红细胞（RBC）指数对贫血的形态进行分类。多变量分析检验贫血与社会人口学及临床变量之间的关联。
贫血患病率为60.7%。在进行微量营养素缺乏检测的参与者中（n = 260），分别有170名（65.4%）、48名（18.5%）和124名（47.7%）参与者存在铁蛋白、叶酸和维生素B缺乏。缺铁性贫血（39.1%）和双形性贫血（38.5%）是两种最常见的贫血类型。红细胞的混合形态是最常见的形态（41.8%）。几乎所有参与者（98.2%）的饮食多样性不足。超重与贫血几率较低相关[比值比（OR）= 0.41；95%置信区间（CI）：0.24 - 0.71（P = 0.01）]。
印度农村年轻女性中贫血的严重程度很高，在初级卫生保健层面需要针对贫血开展基于营养的干预措施。
