Bannon J A, Stewart K A, DeLisser O, Schrogie J J
Arch Intern Med. 1986 Apr;146(4):654-7.
Beta-adrenergic blocking drugs are gaining acceptance as initial therapy for patients with mild to moderate hypertension. In a postmarketing surveillance study, 5,190 hypertensive patients received timolol maleate monotherapy and were evaluated by 1,355 physicians. A total of 1,057 patients did not complete the study: 28% of these patients experienced an adverse event. Mean systolic and diastolic blood pressure readings were reduced 20 and 13 mm Hg, respectively. Mean diastolic blood pressure was reduced 11% for patients with mild hypertension; larger mean reductions were noted for patients with moderate (17%) and severe hypertension (22%). The effect in black and elderly patients was less than in other groups. Although 22% of all patients experienced an adverse event, less than 2.2% of all patients experienced events related to beta-adrenergic blockade, ie, respiratory difficulty, heart failure, bradycardia, and cold extremities. Fatigue, dizziness, and nausea were the most frequently reported adverse events requiring discontinuation of therapy. Timolol monotherapy is a well-tolerated and effective treatment for a broad range of hypertensive patients.
β-肾上腺素能阻滞剂作为轻至中度高血压患者的初始治疗方法正逐渐被接受。在一项上市后监测研究中，5190例高血压患者接受了马来酸噻吗洛尔单一疗法，并由1355名医生进行评估。共有1057例患者未完成研究：其中28%的患者发生了不良事件。平均收缩压和舒张压读数分别降低了20和13 mmHg。轻度高血压患者的平均舒张压降低了11%；中度（17%）和重度高血压患者的平均降低幅度更大（22%）。黑人和老年患者的效果低于其他组。尽管所有患者中有22%发生了不良事件，但所有患者中发生与β-肾上腺素能阻滞相关事件（即呼吸困难、心力衰竭、心动过缓和四肢发冷）的不到2.2%。疲劳、头晕和恶心是最常报告的需要停药的不良事件。马来酸噻吗洛尔单一疗法对广泛的高血压患者是一种耐受性良好且有效的治疗方法。
