Ali Ahmed A, Lamlom Sobhi F, A El-Sorady Gawhara, Elmahdy Ahmed M, Abd Elghany S H, Usman Muhammad, Alamri Abdulaziz, Shaghaleh Hiba, Alhaj Hamoud Yousef, Abdelghany Ahmed M
Field Crops Research Institute, Agricultural Research. Agricultural Research Center, Giza, 12112, Egypt.
Plant Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture Saba Basha,Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21531,Egypt.
Heliyon. 2024 Sep 26;10(20):e38129. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e38129. eCollection 2024 Oct 30.
Sunflower ( L.) is a globally significant oilseed crop, yet its yields may suffer due to water deficiency. A field experiment was conducted through two summer seasons (2021 and 2022) at the agricultural research station, Luxor, Egypt, to study the effects of irrigation regime, cultivar selection, and silica gel application on sunflower growth and yield parameters. The experiment utilized a split-split plot design with three irrigation levels based on field capacity (85 %, 70 %, 55 %), three sunflower cultivars (Sakha-53, Giza-102, and Giza-120), and two Silica gel treatments (0 and 300 kg/ha). Analysis of variance revealed significant effects of irrigation (P < 0.001) on all measured traits except 100-seed weight. Utilizing various cultivars also revealed substantial influence, affecting most traits consistently across the two seasons. Silica gel application positively impacted head diameter, 100-seed weight, oil content, and oil yield (P < 0.05). Furthermore, treatments combining moderate irrigation with silica gel application exhibited the highest water productivity, with values reaching 1.35 kg/m³ in the first season and 1.38 kg/m³ in the second season, indicating the synergistic effects of improved water management and silica gel on crop water use efficiency. Multivariate analysis of principal component analysis and clustering heatmap revealed that treatment combinations such as I2S1 (moderate irrigation with silica gel) optimized sunflower productivity, particularly for seed yield and oil content, reinforcing the importance of tailored agronomic practices for maximizing crop performance under varying environmental conditions. These findings underscore the significance of integrated agronomic approaches in enhancing sunflower productivity while promoting sustainable crop management practices.
向日葵（L.）是一种具有全球重要意义的油料作物，但其产量可能会因缺水而受到影响。在埃及卢克索的农业研究站进行了为期两个夏季（2021年和2022年）的田间试验，以研究灌溉制度、品种选择和硅胶施用对向日葵生长和产量参数的影响。该试验采用裂区裂区设计，基于田间持水量设置三个灌溉水平（85%、70%、55%），三个向日葵品种（Sakha - 53、Giza - 102和Giza - 120），以及两种硅胶处理（0和300 kg/公顷）。方差分析表明，除百粒重外，灌溉对所有测量性状均有显著影响（P < 0.001）。使用不同品种也显示出显著影响，在两个季节中对大多数性状都有一致影响。施用硅胶对头直径、百粒重、含油量和油产量有积极影响（P < 0.05）。此外，适度灌溉与施用硅胶相结合的处理表现出最高的水分生产率，第一季的值达到1.35 kg/m³，第二季达到1.38 kg/m³，表明改善水分管理和硅胶对作物水分利用效率具有协同效应。主成分分析和聚类热图的多变量分析表明，I2S1（适度灌溉并施用硅胶）等处理组合优化了向日葵的生产力，特别是种子产量和含油量，强化了在不同环境条件下采用定制农艺措施以最大化作物性能的重要性。这些发现强调了综合农艺方法在提高向日葵生产力同时促进可持续作物管理实践方面的重要性。
