Bijanzadeh Ehsan, Boostani Hamid Reza, Hardie Ailsa G, Najafi-Ghiri Mahdi
Department of Agreoecology, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources of Darab, Shiraz University, Darab, Iran.
Department of Soil Science, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources of Darab, Shiraz University, Darab, Iran.
Heliyon. 2024 Oct 9;10(20):e39161. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e39161. eCollection 2024 Oct 30.
Soil pollution with heavy metals is a threat to crop production. Practically, application of silicon (Si) with biochar can be a cost-effective approach to immobilize metals in contaminated soils. Investigation of the anatomical and biochemical changes of corn leaf is important for describing the mechanisms of Si and biochar soil application in alleviating the negative effects of nickel (Ni) toxicity. A factorial pot experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of Si (0, 250 and 500 mg Si kg soil) in combination with rice husk biochar (RHB) or sheep manure biochar (SMB) prepared at two pyrolysis temperatures (300 and 500 °C) on anatomical and biochemical properties of corn leaves in a Ni-polluted soil. The length, width, area and weight of third-leaf, and metaxylem and protoxylem of midrib improved by application of Si250 with RHB more than SMB. At Si250, RHB300 and RHB500 improved the stomatal area by 31.7 and 27.7 % compared to control (without biochar), respectively The leaf membrane stability index was increased by increasing Si application level and reached 69 % in RHB300 In contrast to total chlorophyll, the highest carotenoid content, catalase and peroxidase was obtained by control (without Si and biochar) followed by SMB. At Si250, the highest relative water content (RWC) was observed in RHB300 by 34.8 % increase. Also, RHB300 had the highest total dry matter, with increases of 82.2, 120.0 and 83.1 % at Si0, Si250 and Si500, respectively. By increasing the Si level and biochar application, the shoot Ni decreased between 42.1 and 133.3 %. Combined application of Si250 with RHB300 resulted in the highest dry matter through improving the leaf dimensions, metaxylem and protoxylem areas of midrib, membrane stability index, total chlorophyll, and RWC, while Ni uptake was reduced.
重金属土壤污染对作物生产构成威胁。实际上，将硅（Si）与生物炭一起施用可能是一种在受污染土壤中固定金属的经济有效方法。研究玉米叶片的解剖学和生化变化对于描述硅和生物炭土壤施用减轻镍（Ni）毒性负面影响的机制很重要。进行了一项析因盆栽试验，以研究硅（0、250和500毫克硅/千克土壤）与在两个热解温度（300和500℃）下制备的稻壳生物炭（RHB）或羊粪生物炭（SMB）组合对镍污染土壤中玉米叶片解剖学和生化特性的影响。与SMB相比，施用250毫克硅/千克的RHB使第三片叶的长度、宽度、面积和重量以及中脉的后生木质部和原生木质部得到更大改善。在250毫克硅/千克时，RHB300和RHB500使气孔面积分别比对照（无生物炭）提高了31.7%和27.7%。叶片膜稳定性指数随着硅施用量的增加而增加，在RHB300中达到69%。与总叶绿素相反，对照（无硅和生物炭）获得了最高的类胡萝卜素含量、过氧化氢酶和过氧化物酶，其次是SMB。在250毫克硅/千克时，RHB300的相对含水量（RWC）最高，增加了34.8%。此外，RHB300的总干物质最高，在0毫克硅/千克、250毫克硅/千克和500毫克硅/千克时分别增加了82.2%、120.0%和83.1%。通过提高硅水平和生物炭施用量，地上部镍含量下降了42.1%至133.3%。250毫克硅/千克与RHB300联合施用通过改善叶片尺寸、中脉后生木质部和原生木质部面积、膜稳定性指数、总叶绿素和RWC，导致干物质最高，同时镍吸收减少。
